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1.1     ! root        1: .TH NETFS 8
        !             2: .CT 1 sa_nonmortals
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: netfs \- network file system
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .nf
        !             7: .B /usr/netb/setup.go
        !             8: .fi
        !             9: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            10: The network file system is conventionally a set of directories
        !            11: contained in
        !            12: .FR /n ,
        !            13: and a set of files and programs in
        !            14: .FR /usr/netb .
        !            15: Connections in the network file system are asymmetric:
        !            16: files on a `server' system are made accessible on a `client' system,
        !            17: usually in directory
        !            18: .BI /n/ server-name.
        !            19: .SS Client
        !            20: The client runs
        !            21: .FR /usr/netb/setup 
        !            22: to maintain connections;
        !            23: it is started by invoking
        !            24: .F /usr/netb/setup.go
        !            25: from
        !            26: .IR rc (8).
        !            27: .I Setup
        !            28: uses
        !            29: .F /usr/netb/friends
        !            30: to control the connections to servers.
        !            31: Each line in
        !            32: .I friends
        !            33: contains six fields:
        !            34: .RS
        !            35: network address
        !            36: .br
        !            37: network call argument
        !            38: .br
        !            39: mount point
        !            40: .br
        !            41: protocol id
        !            42: .br
        !            43: unique identifier
        !            44: .br
        !            45: debugging flag
        !            46: .br
        !            47: network calling username
        !            48: .RE
        !            49: .PP
        !            50: The network address and argument give the location of the server.
        !            51: They are interpreted differently according to the protocol id,
        !            52: which should be one of
        !            53: .TP
        !            54: .B d
        !            55: Call the server on the named network address,
        !            56: with default network
        !            57: .L dk
        !            58: and default service name
        !            59: .LR fsb .
        !            60: The network call argument is ignored.
        !            61: The server machine should respond by calling
        !            62: .IR zarf ,
        !            63: described below;
        !            64: see
        !            65: .IR svcmgr (8).
        !            66: .TP
        !            67: .B t
        !            68: Call the named network address,
        !            69: with default network
        !            70: .LR tcp ,
        !            71: and invoke the program named in the
        !            72: network call argument
        !            73: using the protocol of
        !            74: .IR rsh ;
        !            75: .IR con (1).
        !            76: .PP
        !            77: .I Setup
        !            78: calls
        !            79: .IR setlogname 
        !            80: (see
        !            81: .IR getuid (2))
        !            82: to make the network call appear to have been placed
        !            83: by the calling username.
        !            84: The username may be omitted;
        !            85: .LR daemon
        !            86: is the default.
        !            87: .PP
        !            88: The mount point is the directory
        !            89: on which the remote file system is to appear.
        !            90: The unique identifier is a integer in the range 0-255;
        !            91: it is used internally to distinguish connections,
        !            92: and must be unique among all active remote file systems
        !            93: (including those not maintained by
        !            94: .IR setup ,
        !            95: e.g.
        !            96: .IR faced (9.5)).
        !            97: The debugging flag is usually 0;
        !            98: nonzero numbers
        !            99: increase the chatter in various logfiles.
        !           100: .PP
        !           101: .I Setup
        !           102: reads the
        !           103: .I friends
        !           104: file when it starts,
        !           105: and checks for changes once a minute.
        !           106: Each remote file system is probed once a minute;
        !           107: if there is no response to several consecutive probes,
        !           108: the connection is torn down and restarted.
        !           109: Failed connections are retried every minute.
        !           110: .SS Server
        !           111: The server program is
        !           112: .FR /usr/netb/zarf .
        !           113: A separate
        !           114: .I zarf
        !           115: process exists for each client.
        !           116: .PP
        !           117: When a connection is started,
        !           118: the client sends the server a list of valid user and group names
        !           119: and the corresponding numerical IDs
        !           120: on the client system.
        !           121: The userid and groupid of user and group names that exist
        !           122: on both machines are mapped so that
        !           123: client and server see IDs
        !           124: under the same names.
        !           125: Unmapped IDs on the server appear as \-1 on the client.
        !           126: Client processes with unmapped IDs are denied access.
        !           127: .PP
        !           128: .I Zarf
        !           129: is subject to access control on the server.
        !           130: It will have access only to files that its own userid 
        !           131: and groupid admit.
        !           132: Unless run as super-user, it will create files with its own,
        !           133: not mapped, userid.
        !           134: .PP
        !           135: .I Zarf
        !           136: reads configuration information
        !           137: from
        !           138: .F /usr/netb/except.local
        !           139: and
        !           140: .FR /usr/netb/except .
        !           141: The
        !           142: files are read only once,
        !           143: when
        !           144: .I zarf
        !           145: starts,
        !           146: .B except.local
        !           147: first.
        !           148: Usually
        !           149: .B except
        !           150: is the same on all machines in some administrative cluster,
        !           151: .B except.local
        !           152: contains things specific to a particular server system.
        !           153: .PP
        !           154: The files contain sections
        !           155: beginning with the line
        !           156: .B client
        !           157: .I origin.
        !           158: .I Origin
        !           159: is the name of the calling client,
        !           160: as provided by the network;
        !           161: .L *
        !           162: matches any client.
        !           163: The first matching section is used.
        !           164: .PP
        !           165: Within each section,
        !           166: lines have of one of the following forms.
        !           167: Lines beginning with
        !           168: .L #
        !           169: are ignored.
        !           170: .TP
        !           171: .BI "uid " cname = sname
        !           172: Regardless of the contents of password files,
        !           173: map client user name
        !           174: .I cname
        !           175: to server user name
        !           176: .IR sname .
        !           177: If
        !           178: .I cname
        !           179: is not announced as valid by the client,
        !           180: the line is ignored.
        !           181: If
        !           182: .I sname
        !           183: is not a valid name on the server,
        !           184: any previous mapping for
        !           185: .I cname
        !           186: is discarded.
        !           187: .TP
        !           188: .BI "gid " cname = sname
        !           189: Map client group name
        !           190: .I cname
        !           191: to server group name
        !           192: .IR sname ,
        !           193: as above.
        !           194: .TP
        !           195: .BI "param otherok=" val
        !           196: If
        !           197: .I val
        !           198: is
        !           199: .LR 1 ,
        !           200: client processes with unmapped userids
        !           201: are granted world access
        !           202: to existing files on the server.
        !           203: Unmapped userids
        !           204: may never create files
        !           205: (who would own them?).
        !           206: If
        !           207: .I val
        !           208: is anything else,
        !           209: no access is permitted
        !           210: to
        !           211: unmapped client userids.
        !           212: .TP
        !           213: .BI "param root=" pathname
        !           214: Use
        !           215: .I pathname
        !           216: rather than
        !           217: .B /
        !           218: as the root of the filename hierarchy
        !           219: made visible on the client.
        !           220: .SH EXAMPLES
        !           221: A
        !           222: .I friends
        !           223: file
        !           224: for a connection to
        !           225: .B alice
        !           226: over Datakit,
        !           227: .B shamash
        !           228: over TCP/IP,
        !           229: and
        !           230: .B bebop
        !           231: over TCP/IP
        !           232: without administrative help:
        !           233: .RS
        !           234: .EX
        !           235: .ta \w'tcp!shamash!400 'u +\w'/usr/pjw/netb/zarf 'u +\w'/n/alice 'u +.3i +.3i +.3i
        !           236: alice  -       /n/alice        d       0       0
        !           237: tcp!shamash!400        -       /n/sun  d       1       0
        !           238: bebop  /usr/pjw/netb/zarf      /n/bebop        t       2       0       pjw
        !           239: .EE
        !           240: .RE
        !           241: .PP
        !           242: Some
        !           243: .I except
        !           244: file rules:
        !           245: .RS
        !           246: .EX
        !           247: client dk!nj/astro/research
        !           248: param otherok=1
        !           249: client *
        !           250: uid root=
        !           251: gid mail=other
        !           252: param otherok=0
        !           253: param root=/usr/spool
        !           254: .EE
        !           255: .RE
        !           256: .PP
        !           257: If the
        !           258: .I research
        !           259: machine calls as a client,
        !           260: the whole file system tree is visible,
        !           261: all userids including the super-user
        !           262: are permitted normal access,
        !           263: and user names unknown to the server
        !           264: are permitted world access.
        !           265: If any other machine calls,
        !           266: only the contents of
        !           267: .B /usr/spool
        !           268: are visible,
        !           269: .I root
        !           270: and unknown users
        !           271: are explicitly denied access,
        !           272: and
        !           273: processes in group
        !           274: .I mail
        !           275: on the client
        !           276: are treated as if in group
        !           277: .I other
        !           278: on the server.
        !           279: .SH FILES
        !           280: .PD 0
        !           281: .TF /usr/netb/except.local
        !           282: .TP
        !           283: .F /n/*
        !           284: .TP
        !           285: .F /usr/netb/friends
        !           286: client connection info
        !           287: .TP
        !           288: .F /usr/netb/except.local
        !           289: .TP
        !           290: .F /usr/netb/except
        !           291: .TP
        !           292: .F /usr/netb/setupl
        !           293: log file for
        !           294: .I setup
        !           295: .TP
        !           296: .F /usr/netb/zarf.log
        !           297: log file for zarf
        !           298: server control info
        !           299: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           300: S. A. Rago, `A Look at the Version 9 Network File System',
        !           301: this manual, Volume\ 2
        !           302: .SH BUGS
        !           303: The scheme works only in a modest-sized, friendly community, as it
        !           304: requires a process per client, trust of clients' security, and common
        !           305: login names.
        !           306: .br
        !           307: File modification times are adjusted for clock-time differences
        !           308: between machines.
        !           309: Thus, when viewed across the network,
        !           310: identical files installed on different machines by
        !           311: .IR asd (8)
        !           312: may appear to have different modification times, and
        !           313: symbol tables of random libraries
        !           314: .RI ( ar (1))
        !           315: may appear to be out of date.

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