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1.1 root 1: .TH DUMP 8
2: .UC 4
3: .SH NAME
4: dump \- incremental file system dump
5: .SH SYNOPSIS
6: .B /etc/dump
7: [ key [
8: .I argument
9: \&... ] filesystem ]
10: .SH DESCRIPTION
11: .I Dump
12: copies to magnetic tape all files
13: changed after a certain date
14: in the
15: .I filesystem.
16: The
17: .I key
18: specifies the date and other options about the dump.
19: .I Key
20: consists of characters from
21: the set
22: .B 0123456789fuJsdWn.
23: .TP 5
24: .B 0\-9
25: This number is the `dump level'.
26: All files modified since the last date stored
27: in the file
28: .I /etc/dumpdates
29: for the same filesystem at lesser levels
30: will be dumped.
31: If no date is determined by the level,
32: the beginning of time is assumed;
33: thus the option
34: .B 0
35: causes the entire filesystem to be dumped.
36: .TP 5
37: .B f
38: Place the dump on the next
39: .I argument
40: file
41: instead of the tape.
42: .TP 5
43: .B u
44: If the dump completes successfully,
45: write the date of the beginning of the dump on
46: file
47: .I /etc/dumpdates.
48: This file records a separate date for
49: each filesystem and each dump level.
50: The format of
51: .I /etc/dumpdates
52: is readable by people, consisting of one
53: free format record per line:
54: filesystem name, increment level
55: and
56: .I ctime(3)
57: format dump date.
58: .I /etc/dumpdates
59: may be edited to change any of the fields,
60: if necessary.
61: Note that
62: .I /etc/dumpdates
63: is in a format different from that previous versions of
64: .I dump
65: maintained in
66: .I /etc/ddate,
67: although the information content is identical.
68: .TP 5
69: .B J
70: This option is intended to be invoked only when
71: the old format
72: .I /etc/ddate
73: files are
74: updated to the new format
75: .I /etc/dumpdates
76: format.
77: The effect of this option is to convert between
78: the old, obsolete format and to the new format.
79: If the
80: .B J
81: option is invoked, all other options are ignored, and
82: .I dump
83: terminates immediately.
84: .TP 5
85: .B s
86: The size of the dump tape is specified in feet.
87: The number of feet is taken from the next
88: .I argument.
89: When the specified size is reached,
90: .I dump
91: will wait for reels to be changed.
92: The default tape size is 2300 feet.
93: .TP 5
94: .B d
95: The density of the tape, expressed in BPI,
96: is taken from the next
97: .I argument.
98: This is used in calculating the amount of tape
99: used per reel. The default is 1600.
100: .TP 5
101: .B W
102: .I Dump
103: tells the operator what file systems need to be dumped.
104: This information is gleaned from the files
105: .I /etc/dumpdates
106: and
107: .I /etc/fstab.
108: The
109: .B W
110: option causes
111: .I dump
112: to print out, for each file system in
113: .I /etc/dumpdates
114: the most recent dump date and level,
115: and highlights those file systems that should be dumped.
116: If the
117: .B W
118: option is set, all other options are ignored, and
119: .I dump
120: exits immediately.
121: .TP 5
122: .B w
123: Is like W, but prints only those filesystems which need to be dumped.
124: .TP 5
125: .B n
126: Whenever
127: .I dump
128: requires operator attention,
129: notify by means similar to a
130: .I wall(1)
131: all of the operators in the group \*(lqoperator\*(rq.
132: .PP
133: If no arguments are given,
134: the
135: .I key
136: is assumed to be
137: .B 9u
138: and a default file system is dumped
139: to the default tape.
140: .PP
141: .I Dump
142: requires operator intervention on these conditions:
143: end of tape,
144: end of dump,
145: tape write error,
146: tape open error or
147: disk read error (if there are more than a threshold of 32).
148: In addition to alerting all operators implied by the
149: .B n
150: key,
151: .I dump
152: interacts with the operator on
153: .I dump's
154: control terminal at times when
155: .I dump
156: can no longer proceed,
157: or if something is grossly wrong.
158: All questions
159: .I dump
160: poses
161: .B must
162: be answered by typing \*(lqyes\*(rq or \*(lqno\*(rq,
163: appropriately.
164: .PP
165: Since making a dump involves a lot of time and effort for full dumps,
166: .I dump
167: checkpoints itself at the start of each tape volume.
168: If writing that volume fails for some reason,
169: .I dump
170: will,
171: with operator permission,
172: restart itself from the checkpoint
173: after the old tape has been rewound and removed,
174: and a new tape has been mounted.
175: .PP
176: .I Dump
177: tells the operator what is going on at periodic intervals,
178: including usually low estimates of the number of blocks to write,
179: the number of tapes it will take, the time to completion, and
180: the time to the tape change.
181: The output is verbose,
182: so that others know that the terminal
183: controlling
184: .I dump
185: is busy,
186: and will be for some time.
187: .PP
188: Now a short suggestion on how to
189: perform dumps.
190: Start with a full level 0 dump
191: .PP
192: dump 0un
193: .PP
194: Next, dumps of active file
195: systems are taken on a daily basis,
196: using a modified Tower of Hanoi algorithm,
197: with this sequence of dump levels:
198: .ce 1
199: 3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8 9 9 ...
200: For the daily dumps, a set of 10 tapes per dumped file system
201: is used on a cyclical basis.
202: Each week, a level 1 dump is taken, and
203: the daily Hanoi sequence repeats with 3.
204: For weekly dumps, a set of 5 tapes per dumped file system is
205: used, also on a cyclical basis.
206: Each month, a level 0 dump is taken
207: on a set of fresh tapes that is saved forever.
208: .SH FILES
209: .nf
210: .ta \w'/etc/dumpdates\ \ 'u
211: /dev/rrp1g default filesystem to dump from
212: /dev/rmt8 default tape unit to dump to
213: /etc/ddate old format dump date record (obsolete after \fB\-J\fR option)
214: /etc/dumpdates new format dump date record
215: /etc/fstab Dump table: file systems and frequency
216: /etc/group to find group \fIoperator\fP
217: .fi
218: .DT
219: .br
220: .SH "SEE ALSO"
221: restor(1), dump(5), dumpdir(1), fstab(5)
222: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
223: Many, and verbose.
224: .SH BUGS
225: .PP
226: Sizes are based on 1600 BPI blocked tape;
227: the raw magtape device has to be used to approach these densities.
228: Fewer than 32 read errors on the filesystem are ignored.
229: Each reel requires a new process, so parent processes for
230: reels already written just hang around until the entire tape
231: is written.
232: .PP
233: It would be nice if
234: .I dump
235: knew about the dump sequence,
236: kept track of the tapes scribbled on,
237: told the operator which tape to mount when,
238: and provided more assistance
239: for the operator running
240: .I restor.
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