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1.1     ! root        1: .so ../ADM/mac
        !             2: .XX intro 1 "Introduction"
        !             3: .TL
        !             4: Introduction
        !             5: .AU
        !             6: Andrew G. Hume
        !             7: .AI
        !             8: .MH
        !             9: .SP
        !            10: .2C
        !            11: .NH
        !            12: Introduction
        !            13: .PP
        !            14: This volume contains reports, papers and manuals that supplement
        !            15: the manual pages in Volume 1 of this manual.
        !            16: The selection criteria are not well defined but include utility,
        !            17: general interest, and unavailability in the published literature.
        !            18: Some authors were cajoled into writing papers specially for this volume;
        !            19: otherwise, the papers were chosen from the existing literature,
        !            20: both external and internal to Bell Laboratories.
        !            21: (Most existing papers and reports were extensively revised for this volume.)
        !            22: Accordingly, several papers (such as the
        !            23: .I "Uucp Administration"
        !            24: paper) do not match exactly the software in the current system.
        !            25: The online manual pages should be consulted before depending
        !            26: on any specific details contained in any of the papers in this volume.
        !            27: .PP
        !            28: The documents here are grouped roughly into
        !            29: the areas of
        !            30: programming,
        !            31: language tools,
        !            32: document preparation,
        !            33: and
        !            34: system maintenance.
        !            35: Many documents from the last Volume 2 (Seventh Edition, 1979) have been dropped.
        !            36: Some are simply obsolete; others, particularly the introductory papers,
        !            37: have been superseded by better and more up to date books on the
        !            38: .UX
        !            39: system.
        !            40: The volume has not shrunk;
        !            41: for every paper that has been dropped,
        !            42: a new program or paper has appeared.
        !            43: .NH
        !            44: Production
        !            45: .PP
        !            46: The papers in this volume have not simply been reprinted.
        !            47: Most have been converted to use the
        !            48: .I mpm (7)
        !            49: macros (see the
        !            50: .I mpm
        !            51: paper).
        !            52: The rest of the papers use
        !            53: .I monk (1)
        !            54: or
        !            55: .I tex (1).
        !            56: The papers use a two column format except when liberal use
        !            57: of full-width displays make this inappropriate.
        !            58: This not only makes the volume look better; it also makes it about
        !            59: 100 pages thinner.
        !            60: .PP
        !            61: The papers also try to follow Volume 1 in the typographical representation of names.
        !            62: That is, programs referred to by name are in italics and are capitalized
        !            63: when starting a sentence (like any other noun).
        !            64: Literal filenames,
        !            65: program fragments and things the user would type are in typewriter font.
        !            66: As far as possible, typographic flourishes are eschewed, so that
        !            67: \s-1L\h'-.12m'\v'-.17m'A\v'.17m'\h'-.12m'T\v'.17m'\h'-.12m'E\h'-.12m'\v'-.17m'X\s+1
        !            68: is rendered as Latex.
        !            69: Long lines broken for readability use \*(cr to indicate the breaks:
        !            70: .P1
        !            71: this is one line which has\*(cr
        !            72: been broken because of the column\*(cr
        !            73: width
        !            74: .P2
        !            75: Most papers needed significant editing to conform to this standard;
        !            76: some of the larger older papers were not changed.
        !            77: .PP
        !            78: The layout chosen for this volume implies that all papers must have
        !            79: an even number of pages.
        !            80: Where necessary, papers have been extended by digitized photographs
        !            81: transformed by Gerard Holzmann using
        !            82: .I pico .
        !            83: A few photographs were chosen for sentimental and historical reasons;
        !            84: the rest mostly for aesthetic appeal although we tried to include
        !            85: most of the authors of the papers in this volume.
        !            86: .PP
        !            87: The index was produced mechanically by Lorinda Cherry using a small amount
        !            88: of hand editing and a considerable amount of software;
        !            89: details are given as a preamble to the index.
        !            90: Our Center's venerable Linotron 202 typesetter is being retired;
        !            91: the camera-ready copy for this manual was prepared on a
        !            92: Linotronic 200P PostScript printer running at 1270 dpi.
        !            93: .de X1
        !            94: .IP "" 3n
        !            95: ..
        !            96: .de X2
        !            97: ..
        !            98: .NH
        !            99: A Selected Bibliography
        !           100: .PP
        !           101: During the fourteen years since a volume of ``Documents for use with UNIX''
        !           102: was first gathered for the sixth edition of the
        !           103: .I "UNIX Programmer's Manual, 
        !           104: the system has grown, and so has its literature.
        !           105: In selecting the contents for this volume,
        !           106: we have omitted topics such as software design and the use of
        !           107: programming languages;
        !           108: good books on these are available elsewhere.
        !           109: A list of the more important books follow.
        !           110: For references on other special languages see
        !           111: .I langs (1).
        !           112: .NH 2
        !           113: General
        !           114: .LP
        !           115: |reference(kernighan pike %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           116: .X1
        !           117: How to exploit the facilities
        !           118: of the system: utilities, shell, and system calls.
        !           119: Written for programmers; intended for novices but
        !           120: yet also contains nuggets for experts.
        !           121: .X2
        !           122: .LP
        !           123: |reference(lomuto %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           124: .X1
        !           125: Written for nonprogrammers; readable and authoritative.
        !           126: Stresses text processing.
        !           127: .X2
        !           128: .LP
        !           129: |reference(unix readings %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           130: .X1
        !           131: Papers reprinted from special issues of the
        !           132: .I "Bell System Technical Journal,
        !           133: August, 1978, and October, 1984.
        !           134: Includes classics on the design and history of the
        !           135: system in its many incarnations at Bell Laboratories.
        !           136: .X2
        !           137: .LP
        !           138: |reference(nemeth administration %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           139: .X1
        !           140: A comprehensive guide to administering your
        !           141: .UX
        !           142: system.
        !           143: .NH 2
        !           144: C Programming
        !           145: .LP
        !           146: |reference(
        !           147: %type book
        !           148: %author B. W. Kernighan
        !           149: %author D. M. Ritchie
        !           150: %title The C Programming Language
        !           151: %publisher Prentice Hall
        !           152: %address Englewood Cliffs, NJ
        !           153: %date 1978
        !           154: %other 1st Edition
        !           155: %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           156: .X1
        !           157: The bible for the classical language and how to use it.
        !           158: .X2
        !           159: .LP
        !           160: |reference(cbook %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           161: .X1
        !           162: The new testament covering the new American National
        !           163: Standard dialect of C.
        !           164: .X2
        !           165: .LP
        !           166: |reference(harbison steele %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           167: .X1
        !           168: The most exact description of what C really was before the
        !           169: American National Standard.
        !           170: .X2
        !           171: .LP
        !           172: |reference(cplusplus %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           173: .X1
        !           174: A major, largely compatible, ``object-oriented'' extension to C
        !           175: that incorporates user-defined types and operations.
        !           176: .X2
        !           177: .LP
        !           178: |reference(ansic %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           179: .X1
        !           180: The future Talmud.
        !           181: .NH 2
        !           182: System Manuals
        !           183: .LP
        !           184: |reference(v7hrw %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           185: .X1
        !           186: The seventh edition of this manual.
        !           187: Volume 2 contains more discursive
        !           188: papers on the use and implementation of
        !           189: .I adb, 
        !           190: .I bc,
        !           191: .I cc,
        !           192: .I dc,
        !           193: .I lint,
        !           194: .I m4,
        !           195: .I make,
        !           196: .I ratfor,
        !           197: .I sed,
        !           198: and other facilities.
        !           199: .X2
        !           200: .LP
        !           201: |reference(bsdmanual %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           202: .X1
        !           203: The Berkeley descendant of the seventh edition.
        !           204: Volume 2C contains descriptions of 
        !           205: .I vi
        !           206: and
        !           207: .I "Franz Lisp.
        !           208: .X2
        !           209: .LP
        !           210: |reference(svid %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           211: .X1
        !           212: The official description of what makes a commercial offering
        !           213: qualify as a 
        !           214: .UX
        !           215: system.
        !           216: .X2
        !           217: .LP
        !           218: |reference(ieee1003.1 %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           219: .X1
        !           220: A standardized vendor-neutral description of
        !           221: .UX
        !           222: kernel functionality.
        !           223: .NH 2
        !           224: Implementation
        !           225: .LP
        !           226: |reference(bach unix %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           227: .X1
        !           228: How System V works.
        !           229: .LP
        !           230: |reference(lefler karels implementation %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           231: .X1
        !           232: How the other half lives.
        !           233: .X2
        !           234: .LP
        !           235: |reference(stevens network programming %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           236: .X1
        !           237: A guide to how
        !           238: .UX
        !           239: programs access IPC and networks.
        !           240: .NH 2
        !           241: Special Languages and Applications
        !           242: .X2
        !           243: .LP
        !           244: |reference(awkbook %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           245: .X1
        !           246: Suggestive examples of how to exploit an unusual language.
        !           247: .X2
        !           248: .LP
        !           249: |reference(mllanguage %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           250: .X1
        !           251: An elegant interactive language based on the latest theory
        !           252: of higher level types.
        !           253: .X2
        !           254: .LP
        !           255: |reference(slanguage %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           256: .X1
        !           257: Just what the title says it is.
        !           258: .X2
        !           259: .LP
        !           260: |reference(port3 %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           261: .X1
        !           262: A comprehensive library of Fortran subroutines for approximation,
        !           263: ordinary and partial differential equations, linear algebra,
        !           264: optimization, quadrature, special functions and FFTs.
        !           265: .X2
        !           266: .LP
        !           267: |reference(texbook knuth %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           268: .X1
        !           269: A modern alternative to
        !           270: .I troff
        !           271: and
        !           272: .I eqn ,
        !           273: by the master of computer science.
        !           274: .X2
        !           275: .LP
        !           276: |reference(latex %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           277: .X1
        !           278: .I LaTeX
        !           279: is to 
        !           280: .I TeX
        !           281: as 
        !           282: .CW -ms
        !           283: and 
        !           284: .I refer
        !           285: are to 
        !           286: .I troff.
        !           287: .X2
        !           288: .LP
        !           289: |reference(bolsky vi %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           290: .X1
        !           291: At 66 pages, one of the shorter descriptions of this big,
        !           292: yet popular, program.
        !           293: .X2
        !           294: .LP
        !           295: |reference(wwb %no_cite) |reference_placement
        !           296: .X1
        !           297: Complete detail about
        !           298: .I wwb (1).
        !           299: .BP
        !           300: photo page
        !           301: .BP
        !           302: divider with title
        !           303: .sp
        !           304: .ce
        !           305: Document Preparation

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