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1.1 ! root 1: .so ../ADM/mac ! 2: .XX setup 497 "Setting Up a Research UNIX System" ! 3: .nr dP 2 ! 4: .nr dV 3p ! 5: .TL ! 6: Setting Up a Research ! 7: .UX ! 8: System ! 9: .AU ! 10: Norman Wilson ! 11: .AI ! 12: .MH ! 13: .SP 2 ! 14: .2C ! 15: .NH ! 16: Introduction ! 17: .PP ! 18: `Research ! 19: .UX ' ! 20: is the ! 21: .UX ! 22: system used and fiddled with ! 23: in the ! 24: Bell Laboratories Computing Science Research Center. ! 25: It is often named after the most recent version of the manual. ! 26: This is the Tenth Edition. ! 27: .PP ! 28: The system runs only on VAXes, ! 29: and only on some CPUs and some peripheral devices. ! 30: At the moment these include the VAX-11/750, 11/780, and 8550, ! 31: the MicroVAX II and III, ! 32: MSCP disks connected to UDA50, KDA50, KDB50, and RQDX3 controllers, ! 33: and TU78, TE16, and TU81 tapes. ! 34: Various Ethernet and Datakit controllers are supported. ! 35: The list is likely to change as time passes. ! 36: There will probably never be support for ! 37: DEC HSC50 and HSC70 disk servers. ! 38: .PP ! 39: There is no official distribution tape for the system, ! 40: nor are there any plans to produce one. ! 41: This reflects our desire to stay out of the software support business; ! 42: we have enough of that keeping our own machines running. ! 43: We are, however, willing to send snapshots of our current system ! 44: to deserving people with the right expectations. ! 45: We are interested in sharing the system with colleagues; ! 46: we aren't set up to support customers. ! 47: .PP ! 48: Our system ! 49: is not packaged for novices. ! 50: It is assumed that anyone who gets a copy ! 51: is self-sufficient and can ! 52: read our manuals, the hardware manuals, and the source code ! 53: to resolve confusions and problems. ! 54: Each copy of the distribution ! 55: is hand-crafted at a different time; ! 56: different kinds of digging around may be necessary ! 57: to get any given copy running. ! 58: .PP ! 59: If you haven't been scared off yet, ! 60: here are some suggestions about how to get started. ! 61: .NH ! 62: Documentation ! 63: .PP ! 64: The system changes daily, so the printed manual is always out of date. ! 65: Check the online manual, ! 66: and any supplementary printed pages ! 67: that came with the tape, ! 68: before taking the printed book as gospel. ! 69: .PP ! 70: Neither the online manual nor the printed one ! 71: is pure; ! 72: various local programs and local conventions ! 73: have crept in, ! 74: especially ! 75: in the crucial system administration parts. ! 76: Examples should be taken as examples, ! 77: not as recipes. ! 78: .NH ! 79: Cracking the tape and booting ! 80: .PP ! 81: The tape consists of ! 82: at least a root file system image ! 83: and a ! 84: .I tar ! 85: image to be put in ! 86: .CW /usr . ! 87: There may be other files as well. ! 88: Tapes are hand-crafted, ! 89: so details do vary; ! 90: see the notes that came with the tape. ! 91: .PP ! 92: The root image is a block-by-block copy ! 93: of a root file system, ! 94: containing a ! 95: kernel binary in ! 96: .CW /unix ! 97: specific to your hardware. ! 98: It is probably exactly five megabytes long. ! 99: It should be copied ! 100: (you figure out how) ! 101: to the beginning of the disk you want to boot from. ! 102: One way is to ! 103: plug the disk into some already-running machine ! 104: with a tape drive, ! 105: and ! 106: .P1 0 ! 107: dd bs=blocksize </dev/rawtape >/dev/rawdisk ! 108: .P2 ! 109: .PP ! 110: The root image includes a boot block ! 111: that behaves as described in ! 112: .I reboot (8). ! 113: On the VAX-11/750 ! 114: and machines with similar boot ROMs, ! 115: such as the 8200 (if we ever support it), ! 116: nothing more is needed. ! 117: On other VAXes, ! 118: in particular the 11/780 ! 119: and the 8500-8700 machines, ! 120: some boot programs must be installed on the console disk. ! 121: A floppy and instructions ! 122: should have come with the tape. ! 123: .PP ! 124: Once the root is installed, ! 125: boot the system to single-user state, ! 126: .I reboot (8). ! 127: The kernel image is in file ! 128: .CW /unix . ! 129: It is prudent to run ! 130: .I fsck ! 131: or ! 132: .I chuck (8) ! 133: on the root file system to be sure it's OK. ! 134: It is mandatory to examine ! 135: the special files in ! 136: .CW /dev ! 137: to make sure they're correct for your disk and tape drives; ! 138: ...... ! 139: see ! 140: .I mknod (8) ! 141: and the driver writeups ! 142: referred to there. ! 143: The special files on the tape bear no necessary correspondence ! 144: to the ones you need, ! 145: though we try to supply correct ones for the root file system. ! 146: .PP ! 147: To read in ! 148: .CW /usr , ! 149: do something like this: ! 150: .P1 0 ! 151: # /etc/mkbitfs /dev/ra02 31231 4 40 ! 152: \fR(make a new 4KB-block file system; ! 153: see below for details)\fP ! 154: # /etc/mount /dev/ra02 /usr ! 155: # cd /usr ! 156: # mt fsf 1 \fR(skip first file on the tape, the root image)\fP ! 157: # umask 2 ! 158: # tar xbf 20 /dev/rmt0 \fR(extract \f(CW/usr\fR files)\fP ! 159: .P2 ! 160: .PP ! 161: The ! 162: .CW /usr ! 163: files occupy about 50 megabytes. ! 164: The ! 165: .CW umask ! 166: is needed because ! 167: .I tar ! 168: carefully records permissions in the archive, ! 169: but at the moment neglects to restore them. ! 170: Most of the directories have group (but not general) ! 171: write permissions on our system. ! 172: .I Tar ! 173: does at least set ownership correctly. ! 174: .PP ! 175: There may be a snapshot of our sources as well, ! 176: in one or more additional tape files or on additional tapes. ! 177: They won't exactly correspond to the binaries. ! 178: The tape won't have absolute pathnames on it, ! 179: and for the most part you can rearrange things as you please ! 180: (though dependencies do creep in), ! 181: but the arrangement on the tape ! 182: reflects our conventions. ! 183: The source to the operating system belongs in ! 184: .CW /usr/src/sys ; ! 185: that to the 5620 software in ! 186: .CW /usr/jerq/src ; ! 187: that to everything else in ! 188: .CW /usr/src . ! 189: Sources to the network programs ! 190: live in ! 191: .CW /usr/src/ipc ! 192: (even some programs that are installed in ! 193: .CW /usr/bin ), ! 194: except the network file system, ! 195: which is in ! 196: .CW /usr/src/netb . ! 197: Most programs are built with ! 198: .I mk (1), ! 199: but a few still use ! 200: .I make ! 201: instead. ! 202: Programs with their own directories have their own ! 203: .I mkfile s; ! 204: there is one ! 205: .I mkfile ! 206: in ! 207: .CW /usr/src/cmd ! 208: for all the small programs there. ! 209: .PP ! 210: The sources occupy some indeterminate but large amount of space; ! 211: expect to need at least 135 megabytes. ! 212: .NH ! 213: Disks and file systems ! 214: .PP ! 215: There are two kinds of disk file system, ! 216: referred to herein as ! 217: `classical' ! 218: and ! 219: `bitmapped.' ! 220: A classical file system ! 221: uses 1024-byte blocks ! 222: and a V7-style free block list. ! 223: A bitmapped file system ! 224: uses 4096-byte blocks ! 225: and keeps the free block list in a bitmap. ! 226: Bitmapped file systems ! 227: come in two flavors: ! 228: small ones, which keep the free block bitmap in the super-block ! 229: (which means they can't be much bigger than 120 megabytes), ! 230: and big ones, which keep the bitmap in the highest-numbered blocks ! 231: in the file system. ! 232: We use bitmapped file systems almost exclusively. ! 233: The root image on the tape will be a bitmapped file system. ! 234: .PP ! 235: The system distinguishes ! 236: classical file systems from bitmapped ones ! 237: by the minor device number: ! 238: bitmapped file systems are on devices ! 239: with numbers greater than 64. ! 240: A block device with minor number 10 ! 241: could contain a classical file system; ! 242: if it contains a bitmapped file system, ! 243: it should have minor number 74 instead. ! 244: All the disk drivers ignore the 64 bit. ! 245: .PP ! 246: Various tools work with the different kinds of file systems: ! 247: .IP ! 248: .I Fsck ! 249: understands classical and small bitmapped file systems. ! 250: It doesn't know about big ones yet. ! 251: .IP ! 252: .I Chuck ! 253: understands both kinds of bitmapped file system, ! 254: but doesn't know how to rebuild the free list in a classical file system. ! 255: .IP ! 256: .I Icheck , ! 257: .I dcheck , ! 258: and ! 259: .I ncheck ! 260: work with all kinds of file system. ! 261: .PP ! 262: If you check the block special file, ! 263: you don't have to reboot the system after fixing the root. ! 264: We borrowed this simple convenience from ! 265: 4.1BSD; ! 266: it seems to have vanished from subsequent Berkeley systems. ! 267: .PP ! 268: .I Mkfs ! 269: makes a classical file system; ! 270: .I mkbitfs ! 271: a bitmapped file system, ! 272: which will be the small kind if possible. ! 273: To get reasonable speed, ! 274: it is important to set file system spacing parameters correctly; ! 275: see ! 276: .I mkfs (8). ! 277: In our experience, ! 278: the `space' number is very important, ! 279: but the `cylinder size' makes little difference. ! 280: .PP ! 281: Read ! 282: .I mount ! 283: and ! 284: .I umount (8) ! 285: carefully; ! 286: notice in particular that the arguments to ! 287: .I umount ! 288: are mount points like ! 289: .CW /usr , ! 290: not special files like ! 291: .CW /dev/ra02 . ! 292: .PP ! 293: An example to get you started: ! 294: many of our machines have system files on a single RA81. ! 295: The driver allows the disk to be split into certain sections ! 296: (\c ! 297: .I ra (4)). ! 298: We use these sections: ! 299: .IP ! 300: Section 0 (5 megabytes) is the root. ! 301: .IP ! 302: Section 1 (10 megabytes) is the swap area. ! 303: .IP ! 304: Section 2 (120 megabytes) ! 305: is ! 306: .CW /usr . ! 307: .IP ! 308: Section 5 (50 megabytes at the high end of the disk) ! 309: is a rather generous ! 310: .CW /tmp . ! 311: .PP ! 312: Users' files might go in ! 313: .CW /usr , ! 314: or in other file systems in the other two ! 315: 120 megabyte sections; ! 316: if the latter, ! 317: we use symbolic links ! 318: to arrange that ! 319: .CW /usr/andrew ! 320: always means ! 321: .I andrew 's ! 322: home directory. ! 323: .PP ! 324: Backups are somewhat ad hoc. ! 325: The old V7 ! 326: .I dump ! 327: and ! 328: .I restor ! 329: programs have long since rotted, ! 330: and their newer Berkeley-derived kin ! 331: seem too complicated to be worth adapting. ! 332: We back up whole file systems ! 333: simply by copying the special file to tape with ! 334: .I dd ; ! 335: 120 megabytes in 16Kbyte blocks ! 336: fits nicely on a 6250 bpi magtape. ! 337: Such backups are mostly meant for use when disk drives break; ! 338: they aren't very convenient when files are accidentally deleted. ! 339: .PP ! 340: A more sophisticated and more complicated system ! 341: for incremental backups ! 342: is described in ! 343: .I backup (1) ! 344: and ! 345: .I backup (8). ! 346: .I Cpio ! 347: and ! 348: .I tar ! 349: are simpler possibilities. ! 350: .NH ! 351: Files to watch for ! 352: .PP ! 353: Most of our machines are run in a fairly open manner; ! 354: special files for disks and memory ! 355: often have general read permissions. ! 356: Most system files and directories ! 357: may be written by group ! 358: .I bin ; ! 359: if the special files aren't generally readable, ! 360: they may certainly be read by group ! 361: .I sys . ! 362: You may want to change some of this, ! 363: and to browse around generally for holes. ! 364: .PP ! 365: Here are some files that have system-dependent contents; ! 366: the versions on the tape are probably wrong, ! 367: and must be edited for your system. ! 368: .de Fp ! 369: .IP ! 370: .ne 2 ! 371: .ti -5n ! 372: .CW "\\$1" ! 373: .br ! 374: .if !'\\$2''\{. ! 375: .ti -5n ! 376: .CW "\\$2" ! 377: .br\} ! 378: .. ! 379: .Fp /etc/whoami ! 380: A single line of text containing this machine's name, ! 381: printed by ! 382: .I getty (8), ! 383: used by ! 384: .I uucp ! 385: and miscellaneous network programs. ! 386: .Fp /n ! 387: Mount points for network file systems, ! 388: .I netfs (8). ! 389: .I ! 390: .CW /n/ remsys ! 391: .R ! 392: is the (empty) directory ! 393: on which the remote file system for system ! 394: .I remsys ! 395: is mounted. ! 396: .I ! 397: .CW /n/ myname\c ! 398: .R ! 399: , ! 400: where ! 401: .I myname ! 402: is the name in ! 403: .CW /etc/whoami , ! 404: is conventionally a symbolic link ! 405: to ! 406: .CW / . ! 407: .Fp /etc/fstab ! 408: Filesystems to be mounted in normal operation, ! 409: .I fstab (5). ! 410: .Fp /etc/ttys ! 411: Terminal lines to be maintained by ! 412: .I init ! 413: and ! 414: .I getty (8), ! 415: .I ttys (5). ! 416: .Fp /etc/crontab ! 417: List of actions for ! 418: .I cron (8). ! 419: .Fp /etc/passwd /etc/group ! 420: List of users and groups, ! 421: .I passwd (5). ! 422: .Fp /etc/rc ! 423: Script to be executed when the system starts, ! 424: .I rc (8). ! 425: .Fp /lib/dst ! 426: Daylight saving time definitions, ! 427: .I ctime (3). ! 428: The timezone is compiled into the kernel, ! 429: as is a flag that declares whether daylight time ever happens; ! 430: these are probably both mistakes. ! 431: .Fp /lib/ttynames ! 432: List of directories searched by ! 433: .I ttyname (3). ! 434: .Fp /etc/aculist ! 435: List of telephone dialling devices, ! 436: .I dialout (3). ! 437: .I Cu ! 438: and ! 439: .I uucp ! 440: depend on this list. ! 441: .PP ! 442: If you use networking, ! 443: .I uucp , ! 444: or electronic mail, ! 445: there are other files to fix; ! 446: details below. ! 447: .PP ! 448: Here are some accounting files ! 449: that should be truncated from time to time: ! 450: .Fp /usr/adm/wtmp ! 451: Session accounting, ! 452: .I login (8). ! 453: .Fp /usr/adm/messages ! 454: Record of console messages, ! 455: .I dmesg (8). ! 456: .Fp /usr/adm/smdr ! 457: Autodialler use; ! 458: written if possible by ! 459: .I dialout (3). ! 460: .Fp /usr/spool/mail/mail.log ! 461: Record of mail sent or delivered, ! 462: .I upas (8). ! 463: .Fp /usr/netb/setupl /usr/netb/zarf.log ! 464: Network file system logs, ! 465: .I netfs (8). ! 466: .Fp /usr/ipc/log ! 467: Directory where various daemons in ! 468: .CW /usr/ipc/mgrs ! 469: write log files; ! 470: .I svcmgr , ! 471: .I dkmgr , ! 472: .I tcpmgr (8) ! 473: among others. ! 474: .Fp /usr/spool/uucp/.Log ! 475: Log files from various ! 476: .I uucp ! 477: daemons. ! 478: .PP ! 479: We run ! 480: .CW /usr/ipc/servers/daily ! 481: just before midnight every day; ! 482: it maintains a week's worth of daily issues ! 483: of the ! 484: .CW /usr/ipc/log ! 485: files and of ! 486: .CW mail.log . ! 487: If present, ! 488: .CW /usr/adm/weekclean ! 489: and ! 490: .CW /usr/adm/monthclean ! 491: show what we do ! 492: about some of the other files. ! 493: .NH ! 494: ..... ! 495: Setting up mail ! 496: .PP ! 497: Everyone has a complicated mail system these days; ! 498: ours is perhaps simpler than many, ! 499: but still requires some setting up. ! 500: There are various files to fix in ! 501: directory ! 502: .CW /usr/lib/upas , ! 503: especially ! 504: the list of addressing rules in ! 505: .CW rewrite ! 506: and the list of local name alias files in ! 507: .CW namefiles . ! 508: See ! 509: .I mail (1) ! 510: and ! 511: .I upas (8), ! 512: and the ! 513: .I upas ! 514: paper in Volume 2. ! 515: .PP ! 516: The ! 517: .CW rewrite ! 518: on the tape knows about local mail ! 519: and ! 520: .I uucp , ! 521: which is probably enough to get you started; ! 522: the supplied ! 523: .CW namefiles ! 524: points at two empty files ! 525: .CW names.local ! 526: and ! 527: .CW names.global . ! 528: Our usual ! 529: .CW rewrite ! 530: file is in ! 531: .CW rewrite.fancy ; ! 532: you don't want to use it unchanged, ! 533: but it is there as an advanced example. ! 534: Shell scripts like ! 535: .CW route ! 536: go with it. ! 537: Before trying to use them, ! 538: please read them carefully, ! 539: and remove things like ! 540: use of our gateway machine ! 541: .I research . ! 542: .NH ! 543: Setting up uucp ! 544: .PP ! 545: Our ! 546: .I uucp ! 547: programs belong to the ! 548: honey danber ! 549: family, ! 550: and behave in a mostly standard way. ! 551: The principle difference is that ! 552: the programs don't read a single ! 553: .CW Systems ! 554: file to look up a system. ! 555: Instead, ! 556: they run ! 557: .CW /usr/lib/uucp/uugrep ! 558: with an argument naming the system of interest. ! 559: .I Uugrep ! 560: is expected to print one or more ! 561: .CW Systems ! 562: lines, ! 563: which may or may not be relevant to that system; ! 564: the system name in each line must still be checked. ! 565: .PP ! 566: Normally ! 567: .I uugrep ! 568: just prints the contents of all the files named in ! 569: .CW /usr/lib/uucp/Sysfiles . ! 570: However, if the files ! 571: .CW /usr/lib/uucp/Bsystems.[FT] ! 572: exist, ! 573: they are assumed to contain a ! 574: .I cbt (3) ! 575: database of ! 576: .CW Systems ! 577: entries; ! 578: .I uugrep ! 579: searches the database ! 580: and prints only the lines for the interesting system. ! 581: If that system isn't found, ! 582: or one of the original ! 583: .CW Systems ! 584: files is newer than the database, ! 585: the database is ignored ! 586: and all the files are printed. ! 587: .PP ! 588: .I Uugrep ! 589: without arguments ! 590: spits out all the entries, ! 591: and rebuilds the database if necessary. ! 592: .PP ! 593: To use the database, ! 594: create empty ! 595: .CW Bsystems.T ! 596: and ! 597: .CW Bsystems.F ! 598: files (with the same permissions used for Systems files), ! 599: and run ! 600: .P1 0 ! 601: /usr/lib/uucp/uugrep >/dev/null 2>&1 ! 602: .P2 ! 603: Make arrangements to run this whenever one of the ! 604: .CW Systems ! 605: files changes; ! 606: we just do it every hour. ! 607: .PP ! 608: .CW /usr/lib/uucp/uudemon.hr ! 609: is run hourly, ! 610: .CW uudemon.day ! 611: daily. ! 612: Take them as examples. ! 613: .PP ! 614: None of the ! 615: .I uucp ! 616: files are used by ! 617: .I cu ! 618: in our system. ! 619: .NH ! 620: Setting up networking ! 621: .PP ! 622: The programs in ! 623: .I con (1) ! 624: are used to remotely log into another machine ! 625: and to execute remote commands. ! 626: .I Push ! 627: and ! 628: .I rcp (1) ! 629: copy files. ! 630: Our ! 631: .I push ! 632: speaks a different ! 633: (and markedly simpler) ! 634: language from the DKHOST program of the same name; ! 635: .I npush ! 636: and ! 637: .I npull ! 638: attempt compatibility. ! 639: .PP ! 640: For each kind of network, ! 641: there is at least one network-specific daemon ! 642: responsible for listening and dialling. ! 643: This daemon announces a local name ! 644: through which outbound calls may be requested. ! 645: It also listens for inbound calls from the network, ! 646: maps the network's idea of a service name ! 647: through some local convention, ! 648: and calls the appropriate local name for the service. ! 649: Most local services, ! 650: login and command execution in particular, ! 651: are handled by ! 652: .I svcmgr (8). ! 653: .PP ! 654: Local service names, ! 655: including network dialling, ! 656: are announced with ! 657: .I ipccreat ! 658: and called with ! 659: .I ipcopen ; ! 660: see ! 661: .I ipc (3). ! 662: The services are usually announced in directory ! 663: .CW /cs . ! 664: For example, ! 665: the Datakit dialler announces itself as ! 666: .CW /cs/dk ; ! 667: .I con ! 668: opens that name with ! 669: .I ipcopen ! 670: to place a call. ! 671: .PP ! 672: To turn on any network, ! 673: you must run ! 674: .I svcmgr . ! 675: Edit ! 676: .CW /usr/ipc/lib/serv ! 677: and ! 678: .CW auth ! 679: to contain the desired services ! 680: and authorization mappings. ! 681: The ones on the tape ! 682: are certainly wrong; ! 683: use them as examples. ! 684: .PP ! 685: To turn on Datakit, ! 686: you must have the right special files in ! 687: .CW /dev/dk , ! 688: and must run ! 689: .I dkhup ! 690: and ! 691: .I dkmgr ; ! 692: see ! 693: .I dk (4) ! 694: and ! 695: .I dkmgr (8). ! 696: The device files on the tape are probably wrong. ! 697: Watch out for ! 698: .CW /dev/dk/dkctl , ! 699: which should be linked to the common signalling channel; ! 700: this is channel 1 on production Datakits, ! 701: but not on most of our machines. ! 702: .PP ! 703: If you're using a KMC, ! 704: run ! 705: .CW /etc/kdiload ! 706: to load microcode into it, ! 707: after editing ! 708: .CW /etc/kmctab ! 709: to point at the appropriate KMC microcode: ! 710: .CW /etc/dkk.kdi ! 711: for the KMS11-K, ! 712: .CW /etc/dkk.dubhi ! 713: for the DUBHI. ! 714: .I Kmc (8) ! 715: explains some of this. ! 716: .PP ! 717: To turn on TCP/IP, ! 718: you must run an instance of ! 719: .I ipconfig (8) ! 720: for each IP network interface, ! 721: and one instance of ! 722: .I tcpmgr (8). ! 723: If you want to use UDP, ! 724: run ! 725: .I udpconfig ! 726: too. ! 727: .PP ! 728: Besides the hardware devices ! 729: (e.g. an Ethernet controller), ! 730: these special files are needed ! 731: for TCP/IP. ! 732: Channel numbers like that in ! 733: .CW /dev/tcp01 ! 734: must always be two digits. ! 735: .KS ! 736: .TS ! 737: c c c ! 738: lFCW l l. ! 739: _ ! 740: file maj,min ! 741: = ! 742: /dev/ip0 42,0 for general IP control ! 743: /dev/iptcp 42,6 for TCP ! 744: /dev/ip16 42,16 for \fIrouted\fP ! 745: /dev/ipudp 42,17 for UDP ! 746: /dev/tcp\fInn\fP 43,\fInn\fP TCP channels ! 747: /dev/udp\fInn\fP 50,\fInn\fP UDP channels ! 748: _ ! 749: .TE ! 750: .KE ! 751: .PP ! 752: Most TCP/IP programs depend on the name service mechanisms ! 753: described in ! 754: .I qns (7) ! 755: and ! 756: .I ns (8). ! 757: You must run ! 758: .I ns , ! 759: after adjusting ! 760: .CW /usr/ipc/lib/ns.db . ! 761: .PP ! 762: To turn on our kind of network file system, ! 763: you need to edit files in ! 764: .CW /usr/netb , ! 765: and to run certain programs kept there; ! 766: see ! 767: .I netfs (8). ! 768: Our network file system protocol ! 769: is different from everyone else's. ! 770: Since our server is just a user program, ! 771: it is possible with some effort to make it run ! 772: under other operating systems, ! 773: making their files accessible ! 774: to the machine running our system ! 775: (but not vice versa). ! 776: For example, some of our machines ! 777: can see all the files on ! 778: the local Cray. ! 779: Look in the sources if you want to do this. ! 780: .NH ! 781: Bitmapped terminals ! 782: .PP ! 783: There is a fairly extensive set of programs ! 784: for the Teletype 5620 terminal; ! 785: see section 9 of the manual, ! 786: in particular ! 787: .I intro (9). ! 788: The programs live in ! 789: .CW /usr/jerq . ! 790: Some of the programs have been moved to the AT&T 630 terminal; ! 791: the 630 versions live in ! 792: .CW /usr/630 . ! 793: There is no documentation for the 630 versions, ! 794: but most are the same as their 5620 cousins. ! 795: .I 630mux ! 796: is the window multiplexer. ! 797: The name is deceptive; ! 798: .I 630mux ! 799: terminal windows ! 800: act like the ones in the 630 ROM, ! 801: not like those in ! 802: .I mux . ! 803: .NH ! 804: Miscellaneous hardware support ! 805: .PP ! 806: If you have a VAX-11/750 ! 807: with a patchable control store ! 808: (most do), ! 809: .I ldpcs (8) ! 810: will load DEC's microcode patches. ! 811: .PP ! 812: The system doesn't replace bad blocks automatically ! 813: on MSCP disks, ! 814: but ! 815: .I rarepl (8) ! 816: will replace a particular block on request, ! 817: and ! 818: .I smash (8) ! 819: will often make it unnecessary. ! 820: In our experience, ! 821: bad block replacement is almost never appropriate on RA81s. ! 822: .PP ! 823: On a VAX-11/780, ! 824: .CW /dev/floppy ! 825: is the console disk; ! 826: it should be a character device ! 827: with major number 8, ! 828: minor number 0. ! 829: .I Arff (8) ! 830: attempts to understand the RT-11 file system format used by the console.
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