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Annotation of researchv10no/cmd/grap/grap.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH GRAP 1
        !             2: .CT 1 writing_troff graphics
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: grap \(mi pic preprocessor for drawing graphs
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B grap
        !             7: [
        !             8: .I file ...
        !             9: ]
        !            10: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            11: .I Grap
        !            12: is a
        !            13: .IR pic (1)
        !            14: preprocessor for drawing graphs on a typesetter.
        !            15: Graphs are surrounded by the
        !            16: .I troff
        !            17: `commands'
        !            18: .B \&.G1
        !            19: and
        !            20: .BR  \&.G2 .
        !            21: Data that is enclosed is scaled and plotted,
        !            22: with tick marks supplied automatically.
        !            23: Commands exist to modify the frame,
        !            24: add labels, override the default ticks,
        !            25: change the plotting style,
        !            26: define coordinate ranges and transformations,
        !            27: and include data from files.
        !            28: In addition,
        !            29: .I grap
        !            30: provides the same loops, conditionals and macro processing that
        !            31: .I pic
        !            32: does.
        !            33: .PP
        !            34: .BI frame
        !            35: .B ht
        !            36: .I e
        !            37: .B wid
        !            38: .I e
        !            39: .B top
        !            40: .B dotted
        !            41: .I \&...:
        !            42: Set the frame around the graph to specified
        !            43: .B ht
        !            44: and
        !            45: .BR wid ;
        !            46: default is 2 by 3 (inches).
        !            47: The default mode applies to all four sides;
        !            48: .BR top ,
        !            49: .BR bot ,
        !            50: .BR left ,
        !            51: or
        !            52: .B right
        !            53: can be set to
        !            54: .BR dotted ,
        !            55: .BR dashed ,
        !            56: .BR invis ,
        !            57: or
        !            58: .BR solid
        !            59: independently.
        !            60: .PP
        !            61: .B label
        !            62: .I side
        !            63: .B \&"a label"
        !            64: .B \&"as a set of strings"
        !            65: .I adjust:
        !            66: Place label on specified side; default side is bottom.
        !            67: .I adjust
        !            68: is
        !            69: .B up
        !            70: (or
        !            71: .B down
        !            72: .B left
        !            73: .BR right )
        !            74: .I expr
        !            75: to shift default position;
        !            76: .B width
        !            77: .I expr
        !            78: sets the width explicitly.
        !            79: .PP
        !            80: .BI ticks
        !            81: .I side
        !            82: .B in
        !            83: .B at
        !            84: .I "optname expr, expr, ...:
        !            85: Put ticks on
        !            86: .I side
        !            87: at
        !            88: .I "expr, ...,
        !            89: and label with
        !            90: .I \&"expr".
        !            91: If any
        !            92: .I expr
        !            93: is followed by "...", label tick with "...",
        !            94: and turn off all automatic labels.
        !            95: If "..." contains
        !            96: .BR %f 's,
        !            97: they will be interpreted as
        !            98: .B printf
        !            99: formatting instructions for the tick value.
        !           100: Ticks point
        !           101: .B in
        !           102: or
        !           103: .B out
        !           104: (default out).
        !           105: Tick iterator: instead of
        !           106: .B at
        !           107: .I \&...,
        !           108: use
        !           109: .BI from
        !           110: .I expr
        !           111: .B to
        !           112: .I expr
        !           113: .B by
        !           114: .I "o expr
        !           115: where
        !           116: .I o
        !           117: is optionally
        !           118: .B +-*/
        !           119: for additive or multiplicative steps.
        !           120: .B by
        !           121: can be omitted, to give steps of size 1.
        !           122: If no ticks are requested, they are supplied automatically;
        !           123: suppress this with
        !           124: .B ticks
        !           125: .BR off .
        !           126: Automatic ticks normally
        !           127: leave a margin of 7% on each side; set this to anything by
        !           128: .B margin
        !           129: .B =
        !           130: .I expr.
        !           131: .PP
        !           132: .B grid
        !           133: .I "side linedesc"
        !           134: .B at
        !           135: .I "optname expr, expr, ...:
        !           136: Draw grids perpendicular to
        !           137: .I side
        !           138: in style
        !           139: .I linedesc
        !           140: at
        !           141: .I "expr, ....\&
        !           142: Iterators and labels work as with ticks.
        !           143: .PP
        !           144: .B coord
        !           145: .I optname
        !           146: .B x
        !           147: .I "min, max"
        !           148: .B y
        !           149: .I "min, max"
        !           150: .B "log x
        !           151: .BR " log y :
        !           152: Set range of coords and optional log scaling on either or both.
        !           153: This overrides computation of data range.
        !           154: Default value of
        !           155: .I optname
        !           156: is current coordinate system
        !           157: (each
        !           158: .B coord
        !           159: defines a new coordinate system).
        !           160: .PP
        !           161: .B plot
        !           162: .I \&"str"
        !           163: .B at
        !           164: .IR point ;
        !           165: .B
        !           166: .I \&"str"
        !           167: .B at
        !           168: .I point:
        !           169: Put
        !           170: .I str
        !           171: at
        !           172: .I point.
        !           173: Text position can be qualified with
        !           174: .BR rjust ,
        !           175: .BR ljust ,
        !           176: .BR above ,
        !           177: .BR below
        !           178: after "...".
        !           179: .PP
        !           180: .B line
        !           181: .B from
        !           182: .I point
        !           183: .B to
        !           184: .I "point linedesc:
        !           185: Draw line from here to there.
        !           186: .B arrow
        !           187: works in place of
        !           188: .BR line .
        !           189: .PP
        !           190: .B next
        !           191: .I optname
        !           192: .B at
        !           193: .I "point linedesc:
        !           194: Continue plot of data in
        !           195: .I optname to
        !           196: .IR point ;
        !           197: default is current.
        !           198: .PP
        !           199: .BI draw
        !           200: .I "optname linedesc...:"
        !           201: Set mode for
        !           202: .BR next :
        !           203: use this style from now on,
        !           204: and plot "..." at each point (if given).
        !           205: .PP
        !           206: .BI new
        !           207: .I "optname linedesc ...:"
        !           208: Set mode for
        !           209: .BR next ,
        !           210: but disconnect from previous.
        !           211: .PP
        !           212: A list of numbers
        !           213: .I "x y1 y2 y3 ...
        !           214: is treated as 
        !           215: .B plot
        !           216: .B bullet
        !           217: .B at
        !           218: .IR x,y1 ;
        !           219: .B plot
        !           220: .B bullet
        !           221: .B at
        !           222: .IR x,y2 ;
        !           223: etc., or as
        !           224: .B next
        !           225: .B at
        !           226: .I x,y1
        !           227: etc., if
        !           228: .B draw
        !           229: is specified.
        !           230: Abscissae of 1,2,3,... are provided if there is only one input number per line.
        !           231: .PP
        !           232: A
        !           233: point
        !           234: .I "optname expr, expr
        !           235: maps the point to the named coordinate system.
        !           236: A
        !           237: .I linedesc
        !           238: is one of
        !           239: .B dot
        !           240: .B dash
        !           241: .B invis
        !           242: .B solid
        !           243: optionally followed by an expression.
        !           244: .PP
        !           245: .BI define
        !           246: .I name
        !           247: .BI { whatever } :
        !           248: Define a macro.
        !           249: There are macros already defined for standard plotting
        !           250: symbols like
        !           251: .BR bullet ,
        !           252: .BR circle ,
        !           253: .BR star ,
        !           254: .BR plus ,
        !           255: etc., in
        !           256: .FR /usr/lib/grap.defines ,
        !           257: which is included if it exists.
        !           258: .PP
        !           259: .I var
        !           260: .B =
        !           261: .I expr:
        !           262: Evaluate an expression.
        !           263: Operators are
        !           264: .B=
        !           265: .B +
        !           266: .B -
        !           267: .B *
        !           268: and
        !           269: .B / .
        !           270: Functions are
        !           271: .B log
        !           272: and
        !           273: .B exp
        !           274: (both base 10),
        !           275: .BR sin ,
        !           276: .BR cos ,
        !           277: .BR sqrt ;
        !           278: .B rand
        !           279: returns random number on [0,1);
        !           280: .BI max( e , e ) ,
        !           281: .BI min( e , e ) ,
        !           282: .BI int( e ) .
        !           283: .PP
        !           284: .B print
        !           285: .IR  expr ;
        !           286: .B print
        !           287: .I \&"...:"
        !           288: As a debugging aid, print
        !           289: .I expr or
        !           290: .I string
        !           291: on the standard error.
        !           292: .PP
        !           293: .B copy
        !           294: \f5"\fIfilename\f5"\fR
        !           295: .I :
        !           296: Include this file right here.
        !           297: .PP
        !           298: .B copy
        !           299: .B thru
        !           300: .I macro:
        !           301: Pass rest of input (until
        !           302: .BR \&.G2 )
        !           303: through
        !           304: .IR macro ,
        !           305: treating each field (non-blank, or "...") as an argument.
        !           306: .I macro
        !           307: can be the name of a macro previously defined,
        !           308: or the body of one in place, like
        !           309: .BR "/plot $1 at $2,$3/" .
        !           310: .PP
        !           311: .B copy
        !           312: .B thru
        !           313: .I macro
        !           314: .B until
        !           315: .B \&"
        !           316: .I string
        !           317: .B \&"
        !           318: :
        !           319: Stop copy when input is
        !           320: .I string
        !           321: (left-justified).
        !           322: .PP
        !           323: .BI pic
        !           324: .I "remainder of line:
        !           325: Copy to output with leading blanks removed.
        !           326: .PP
        !           327: .BI graph
        !           328: .I "Name pic-position:
        !           329: Start a new frame, place it at specified position,
        !           330: e.g.,
        !           331: .B graph
        !           332: .B Thing2
        !           333: .BR "with .sw at Thing1.se + (0.1,0)" .
        !           334: .I Name
        !           335: must be capitalized to keep
        !           336: .I pic
        !           337: happy.
        !           338: .PP
        !           339: .BI \&. "anything at beginning of line:
        !           340: Copied verbatim.
        !           341: .PP
        !           342: .B sh
        !           343: .BI % anything % :
        !           344: Pass everything between the
        !           345: .BR % 's
        !           346: to the shell;
        !           347: as with macros,
        !           348: .B %
        !           349: may be any character and
        !           350: .I anything
        !           351: may include newlines.
        !           352: .PP
        !           353: .B #
        !           354: .I anything:
        !           355: A comment, which is discarded.
        !           356: .PP
        !           357: Order is mostly irrelevant; no category is mandatory.
        !           358: Any arguments on the
        !           359: .B \&.G1
        !           360: line are placed on the generated
        !           361: .B \&.PS
        !           362: line for
        !           363: .I pic.
        !           364: .SH
        !           365: EXAMPLES
        !           366: .EX
        !           367: .ps -1
        !           368: .vs -1
        !           369: \&.G1
        !           370: frame top invis right invis
        !           371: coord x 0, 10 y 1, 5 log y
        !           372: ticks left in at 1 "bottommost tick", 2,3,4,5 "top tick"
        !           373: ticks bot in from 0 to 10 by 2
        !           374: label bot "this is a" "silly graph"
        !           375: label left "left side label" "here"
        !           376: grid bot dotted at 2,4,6,8
        !           377: grid left dashed at 2.5
        !           378: copy thru / circle at $1,$2 /
        !           379: 1 1
        !           380: 2 1.5
        !           381: 3 2
        !           382: 4 1.5
        !           383: 10 5
        !           384: \&.G2
        !           385: .ps
        !           386: .vs
        !           387: .EE
        !           388: .SH FILES
        !           389: .TF /usr/lib/grap.defines
        !           390: .TP
        !           391: .F /usr/lib/grap.defines
        !           392: definitions of standard plotting characters, e.g., bullet
        !           393: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           394: .IR graph (1), 
        !           395: .IR pic (1), 
        !           396: .IR plot (3)
        !           397: .br
        !           398: J. L. Bentley and B. W. Kernighan,
        !           399: .I "GRAP \(em A Language for Typesetting Graphs,
        !           400: CSTR 114, 1984

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