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1.1 root 1: .TH CC 1
2: .CT 1 prog_c
3: .SH NAME
4: cc, lcc \- C compilers
5: .SH SYNOPSIS
6: .B cc
7: [
8: .I option ...
9: ]
10: .I file ...
11: .PP
12: .B lcc
13: [
14: .I option ...
15: ]
16: .I file ...
17: .SH DESCRIPTION
18: .I Cc
19: compiles the classic C language;
20: .I lcc
21: compiles
22: .SM ANSI.
23: They are otherwise similar.
24: In the absence of options, any named source
25: .I files
26: are compiled into object files and then linked,
27: together with any named object
28: .I files,
29: into a single executable file named
30: .FR a.out .
31: Compilation normally has four phases: preprocessing of
32: .B #
33: directives, compilation to assembly language, assembly,
34: and linking.
35: Suffixes of
36: .I file
37: names determine which phases they participate in:
38: .TP
39: .B .c
40: C source to be preprocessed and compiled.
41: Object code for this file is finally placed in a
42: correspondingly named
43: .L .o
44: file, except when exactly one file is being compiled and linked.
45: .TP
46: .B .i
47: C source to be compiled without preprocessing;
48: .B #
49: directives are ignored by
50: .I cc,
51: forbidden by
52: .I lcc.
53: .TP
54: .B .s
55: Assembler source to be assembled, producing a
56: .L .o
57: file.
58: .TP
59: .B .o
60: A preexisting object file to be linked.
61: .PP
62: Both compilers accept options of
63: .IR ld (1),
64: the most common of which are
65: .B -o
66: (to substitute a name for
67: .BR a.out )
68: and
69: .BR -l
70: (to link from a library), and in addition
71: .TP
72: .B -c
73: Suppress the linking phase, producing
74: .B .o
75: files but no
76: .BR a.out .
77: .TP
78: .B -g
79: Produce additional symbol table information
80: for debuggers such as
81: .IR pi (9.1).
82: .TP
83: .B -O
84: Invoke an
85: object-code improver; superfluous in
86: .I lcc.
87: .TP
88: .B -w
89: Suppress warning diagnostics.
90: In
91: .I lcc,
92: .B #pragma ref
93: .I variable
94: supplies a dummy reference to suppress
95: an unused-variable diagnostic.
96: .TP
97: .B -p
98: Arrange for the compiler to produce code
99: which counts the number of times each routine is called;
100: also, if linking takes place, replace the standard startup
101: routine by one which arranges to gather profiling data
102: for later examination by
103: .IR prof (1).
104: .TP
105: .B -pg
106: Like
107: .B -p
108: but for
109: .IR gprof
110: instead of
111: .IR prof (1).
112: .TP
113: .B -S
114: Compile the named C programs, and leave the
115: assembler-language output in
116: .B .s
117: files.
118: .TP
119: .B -E
120: Run the preprocessor
121: on the named C programs, and send the result to the
122: standard output.
123: .TP
124: .B -C
125: Prevent the preprocessor from eliding comments.
126: .TP
127: .BI -D\*S name=def
128: .br
129: .ns
130: .TP
131: .BI -D \*Sname
132: Define the
133: .I name
134: to the preprocessor,
135: as if by
136: .LR #define .
137: If no definition is given, the name is defined as
138: .LR 1 .
139: .I Lcc
140: predefines a few symbols on most machines; option
141: .B -v
142: exposes them.
143: .TP
144: .BI -U \*Sname
145: Remove any initial definition of
146: .IR name .
147: .TP
148: .BI -I \*Sdir
149: .L #include
150: files whose names do not begin with
151: .L /
152: are always
153: sought first in the directory
154: of the
155: .I file
156: argument,
157: then in directories named in
158: .B -I
159: options,
160: then in directories on a standard list.
161: .PP
162: These options are peculiar to
163: .IR cc :
164: .TP
165: .B -P
166: Run the preprocessor on each
167: .L .c
168: file.
169: Produce no line numbers.
170: Place results in
171: .L .i
172: files.
173: .TP
174: .B -R
175: Cause
176: .IR as (1)
177: to make initialized variables shared and read-only.
178: .TP
179: .BI -B \*Sstring
180: Find substitute compiler passes in the files named
181: .I string
182: with the suffixes cpp, ccom and c2.
183: If
184: .I string
185: is empty, use a standard backup version.
186: .TP
187: .BR -t [ p012 ]
188: Find only the designated compiler passes in the
189: files whose names are constructed by a
190: .B -B
191: option.
192: In the absence of a
193: .B -B
194: option, the
195: .I string
196: is taken to be
197: .FR /usr/c/ .
198: .PP
199: These options are peculiar to
200: .IR lcc :
201: .TP
202: .B -N
203: Do not search standard directories for include files.
204: Omit non-ANSI language extensions.
205: .TP
206: .B -A
207: Warn about calls to functions without prototypes.
208: .TP
209: .B -b
210: produce code that writes an expression-level profile into prof.out.
211: .IR bprint (1)
212: produces an annotated listing, and
213: .B -Wf-a
214: uses the profile to improve register assignments.
215: .TP
216: .BI \-d n
217: Generate jump tables for switches with density at least
218: .IR n ,
219: a floating-point constant between zero and one,
220: 0.5 by default.
221: .TP
222: .B \-P
223: Write declarations for all defined globals on standard error.
224: .TP
225: .B \-n
226: Produce code
227: that reports and aborts upon dereferencing a zero pointer.
228: .TP
229: .B \-M
230: Run only the preprocessor to generate
231: .IR make (1)
232: dependencies on the standard output.
233: .TP
234: .B \-t
235: Produce code to print trace messages at function entry and exit.
236: .TP
237: .BI -Wp "opt"
238: Pass preprocessor option
239: .I opt
240: to the (Gnu) preprocessor.
241: For example,
242: .B -Wp-T
243: allows
244: .SM ANSI
245: trigraph sequences.
246: .HP
247: .BI -Wa opt,
248: .BI -Wl opt,
249: .BI -Wf opt
250: .br
251: Pass option
252: .IR opt
253: to the assembler
254: .RI ( as (1)),
255: loader
256: .RI ( ld (1)),
257: or compiler proper.
258: .TP
259: .BI \-B str
260: Use the compiler
261: .IB str rcc
262: instead of the default version.
263: .I Str
264: usually ends with a slash.
265: .TP
266: .B \-v
267: Report compiler steps (and some version numbers) as
268: they are executed.
269: A second
270: .B \-v
271: causes steps to be reported but not executed.
272: .PP
273: .I Lcc
274: supports
275: .BI asm( string ).
276: The given string constant is copied to the generated
277: assembly language output with occurrences of
278: .BI % name
279: replaced by the address or register for identifier
280: .I name
281: if it is visible.
282: Otherwise,
283: .BI % name
284: is simply copied to the output.
285: Wide-character literals are treated as plain char literals;
286: ints and long ints are the same size,
287: as are doubles and long doubles.
288: .SH EXAMPLES
289: .TP
290: .L
291: lcc -N -I/usr/include/libc file.c
292: Use local include files instead of
293: .SM ANSI
294: standard ones, which lack most functions of Section 2
295: of this manual, and often disagree (especially about
296: .BR const )
297: with those in Section 3.
298: See
299: .IR intro (3).
300: .SH FILES
301: .PP
302: Different machines use different file names, so this list is
303: only representative.
304: .I Lcc
305: option
306: .B -v
307: exposes the correct names.
308: .TF /usr/include/libc
309: .TP
310: .F a.out
311: linked output
312: .TP
313: .F /tmp/ctm*
314: temporary
315: .TP
316: .F /lib/cpp
317: preprocessor,
318: .IR cpp (8)
319: .TP
320: .F /usr/lib/gcc-cpp
321: .SM ANSI
322: preprocessor
323: .TP
324: .F /lib/ccom
325: .I cc
326: compiler proper
327: .TP
328: .F /lib/c2
329: optional optimizer for
330: .I cc
331: .TP
332: .F /bin/as
333: assembler,
334: .IR as (1)
335: .TP
336: .F /usr/lib/rcc
337: .I lcc
338: compiler proper
339: .TP
340: .F /lib/crt0.o
341: runtime startoff
342: .TP
343: .F /lib/mcrt0.o
344: startoff for profiling
345: .TP
346: .F /lib/libc.a
347: standard library, see
348: .IR intro (3)
349: .TP
350: .F /usr/include
351: directory for
352: .I cc
353: .L #include
354: files
355: .TP
356: .F /usr/include/lcc
357: directory for
358: .SM ANSI
359: standard
360: .L #include
361: files
362: .TP
363: .F /usr/include/libc
364: directory for local
365: .I lcc
366: include files
367: .SH "SEE ALSO"
368: .IR lint (1),
369: .IR ld (1),
370: .IR strip (1),
371: .IR nm (1),
372: .IR prof (1),
373: .IR bprint (1),
374: .IR cin (1),
375: .IR adb (1),
376: .IR pi (9.1),
377: .IR c++ (1)
378: .br
379: B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie,
380: .I The C Programming Language,
381: 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall, 1988
382: .SH BUGS
383: .I Cc
384: cannot handle the
385: .L -y
386: flag of
387: .I ld.
388: .br
389: .I Lcc
390: currently uses the pre-ANSI library.
391: .SH MACHINE DEPENDENCIES
392: .SS VAX
393: .B -pg
394: is unimplemented.
395: .br
396: .I Cc
397: and
398: .I lcc
399: use incompatible bit-field layouts and structure return conventions.
400: .SS MIPS
401: .I Lcc
402: does not implement
403: .B -p
404: or
405: .BR -pg ,
406: and its
407: .B -g
408: supports breakpoints but not the examination of variables.
409: .br
410: .I Cc
411: and
412: .I lcc
413: use incompatible bit-field layouts.
414: .SS Sun
415: .I Lcc
416: options
417: .B -Bdynamic
418: and
419: .B -Bstatic
420: give the binding strategy; see
421: .IR ld (1).
422: .br
423: .I Cc and
424: .I lcc
425: use incompatible bit-field layouts and structure return conventions.
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