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1.1 root 1: .TH MAP 7
2: .CT 1 inst_info
3: .SH NAME
4: map \- draw maps on various projections
5: .SH SYNOPSIS
6: .B map
7: .I projection
8: [
9: .I param ...
10: ]
11: [
12: .I option ...
13: ]
14: .PP
15: .SH DESCRIPTION
16: .I Map
17: prepares on the standard output a
18: map suitable for display by any
19: plotting filter described in
20: .IR plot (1).
21: A menu of projections is produced in response to an unknown
22: .IR projection .
23: For the meanings of
24: .I params
25: pertinent to particular projections
26: see
27: .IR proj (3).
28: .PP
29: The default data for
30: .I map
31: are world shorelines.
32: Option
33: .B -f
34: accesses more detailed data
35: classified by feature.
36: .TP
37: .BR -f " [ \fIfeature\fR ... ]"
38: Features are ranked 1 (default) to 4 from major to minor.
39: Higher-numbered ranks include all lower-numbered ones.
40: Feature
41: .B shore1
42: is included by default.
43: Features are
44: .RS
45: .TF country[1-3]
46: .TP
47: .BR shore [ 1 - 4 ]
48: seacoasts, lakes, and islands; in the absence of
49: .BR -m ,
50: option
51: .B -f
52: automatically includes
53: .B shore1
54: .TP
55: .BR ilake [ 1 - 2 ]
56: intermittent lakes
57: .TP
58: .BR river [ 1 - 4 ]
59: rivers
60: .TP
61: .BR iriver [ 1 - 3 ]
62: intermittent rivers
63: .TP
64: .BR canal [ 1 - 3 ]
65: .BR 3 =irrigation
66: canals
67: .TP
68: .BR glacier
69: .TP
70: .BR iceshelf [ 12 ]
71: .TP
72: .BR reef
73: .TP
74: .BR saltpan [ 12 ]
75: .TP
76: .BR country [ 1 - 3 ]
77: .BR 2 =disputed
78: boundaries,
79: .BR 3 =indefinite
80: boundaries
81: .TP
82: .BR state
83: states and provinces (US and Canada only)
84: .PD
85: .RE
86: .PP
87: In other options
88: coordinates are in degrees, with north latitude
89: and west longitude counted as positive.
90: .TP 0
91: .BI -l " S N E W"
92: Set the southern and northern latitude
93: and the eastern and western longitude limits.
94: Missing arguments are filled out from the list
95: \-90, 90, \-180, 180.
96: .TP
97: .BI -k " S N E W
98: Set the scale as if for a map with limits
99: .B -l
100: .I "S N E W".
101: Do not consider any
102: .B -l
103: or
104: .B -w
105: option in setting scale.
106: .TP
107: .BI -o " lat lon rot"
108: Orient the map in a nonstandard position.
109: Imagine a transparent gridded sphere around the globe.
110: Turn the overlay about the North Pole
111: so that the Prime Meridian (longitude 0)
112: of the overlay coincides with meridian
113: .I lon
114: on the globe.
115: Then tilt the North Pole of the
116: overlay along its Prime Meridian to latitude
117: .I lat
118: on the globe.
119: Finally again turn the
120: overlay about its `North Pole' so
121: that its Prime Meridian coincides with the previous position
122: of meridian
123: .IR rot .
124: Project the map in
125: the standard form appropriate to the overlay, but presenting
126: information from the underlying globe.
127: Missing arguments are filled out from the list
128: 90, 0, 0.
129: In the absence of
130: .BR \-o ,
131: the orientation is 90, 0,
132: .I m,
133: where
134: .I m
135: is the middle of the longitude range.
136: .TP
137: .BI -w " S N E W"
138: Window the map by the specified latitudes
139: and longitudes in the tilted, rotated coordinate system.
140: Missing arguments are filled out from the list \-90, 90, \-180, 180.
141: (It is wise to give an encompassing
142: .B -l
143: option with
144: .BR -w .
145: Otherwise for small windows computing time
146: varies inversely with area!)
147: .TP
148: .BI -d " n"
149: For speed, plot only every
150: .IR n th
151: point.
152: .TP
153: .B -r
154: Reverse left and right
155: (good for star charts and inside-out views).
156: .TP
157: .B -v
158: Verso.
159: Switch to a normally suppressed sheet of the map, such as the
160: back side of the earth in orthographic projection.
161: .TP
162: .B -s1
163: .br
164: .ns
165: .TP
166: .B -s2
167: Superpose. Outputs for a
168: .B -s1
169: map (no closing) and a
170: .B -s2
171: map (no opening) may be concatenated.
172: .TP
173: .BI -g " dlat dlon res"
174: Grid spacings are
175: .I dlat,
176: .I dlon.
177: Zero spacing means no grid.
178: Missing
179: .I dlat
180: is taken to be zero.
181: Missing
182: .I dlon
183: is taken the same as
184: .IR dlat .
185: Grid lines are drawn to a resolution of
186: .I res
187: (2\(de or less by default).
188: In the absence of
189: .BR \-g ,
190: grid spacing is 10\(de.
191: .TP
192: .BI -p " lat lon extent"
193: Position the point
194: .I lat, lon
195: at the center of the plotting area.
196: Scale the map so that the height (and width) of the
197: nominal plotting area is
198: .I extent
199: times the size of one degree of latitude
200: at the center.
201: By default maps are scaled and positioned
202: to fit within the plotting area.
203: An
204: .I extent
205: overrides option
206: .BR -k .
207: .TP
208: .BI -c " x y rot"
209: After all other positioning and scaling operations
210: have been performed, rotate the image
211: .I rot
212: degrees counterclockwise about the center
213: and move the center to position
214: .I x, y,
215: where the nominal plotting area is
216: .RI \-1 \(<= x \(<= 1,
217: .RI \-1 \(<= y \(<= 1.
218: Missing arguments are taken to be 0.
219: .TP
220: .BR -m " [ \fIfile\fP ... ]"
221: Use
222: map data from named files.
223: If no files are named, omit map data.
224: Names that are not pathnames of data files are looked up in
225: a standard directory, which contains, in addition to the
226: data for
227: .BR -f ,
228: .RS
229: .LP
230: .TF counties
231: .TP
232: .B world
233: World Data Bank I (default)
234: .TP
235: .B states
236: US map from Census Bureau
237: .TP
238: .B counties
239: US map from Census Bureau
240: .PD
241: .RE
242: .IP
243: The environment variables
244: .B MAP
245: and
246: .B MAPDIR
247: change the default
248: map and default directory.
249: .TP
250: .BI -b " \fR[ \fPlat1 lon1 lat2 lon2 \fR... ]"
251: Suppress the drawing of the normal boundary
252: (defined by options
253: .BR -l
254: and
255: .BR -w ).
256: Coordinates, if present, define the vertices of a
257: polygon to which the map is clipped.
258: If only two vertices are given, they are taken to be the
259: diagonal of a rectangle.
260: To draw the polygon, give its vertices as a
261: .B -u
262: track.
263: .TP
264: .BI -t " file ..."
265: The arguments name ASCII files that
266: contain lists of points,
267: given as latitude-longitude pairs in degrees.
268: If the first file is named
269: .LR - ,
270: the standard input is taken instead.
271: The points of each list are plotted as connected `tracks'.
272: .IP
273: Points in a track file may be followed by label strings.
274: A label breaks the track.
275: A label may be prefixed by
276: \f5"\fR,
277: .LR : ,
278: or
279: .L !
280: and is terminated by a newline.
281: An unprefixed string or a string prefixed with
282: .L
283: "
284: is displayed at the designated point.
285: The first word of a
286: .L :
287: or
288: .L !
289: string names a special symbol (see option
290: .BR -y ).
291: An optional numerical second word is a scale factor
292: for the size of the symbol, 1 by default.
293: A
294: .L :
295: symbol is aligned with its top to the north; a
296: .L !
297: symbol is aligned vertically on the page.
298: .TP
299: .BI -u " file ..."
300: Same as
301: .BR -t ,
302: except the tracks are
303: unbroken lines.
304: .RB ( -t
305: tracks appear as dot-dashed lines if the plotting filter supports them.)
306: .TP
307: .BI -y " file
308: The
309: .I file
310: contains
311: .IR plot (5)-style
312: data for
313: .L :
314: or
315: .L !
316: labels in
317: .B -t
318: or
319: .B -u
320: files.
321: Each symbol is defined by a comment
322: .BI : name
323: then a sequence of
324: .L m
325: and
326: .L v
327: commands.
328: Coordinates (0,0) fall on the plotting point.
329: Default scaling is as if the nominal plotting range were
330: .LR "ra -1 -1 1 1" ;
331: .L ra
332: commands in
333: .I file
334: change the scaling.
335: .TP
336: .BI -C " color
337: Set the color for drawing subsequent
338: .BR -l ,
339: .BR -w ,
340: .BR -g ,
341: .BR -m ,
342: .BR -f ,
343: .BR -t ,
344: and
345: .BR -u
346: data.
347: .I Color
348: may be set several times, to
349: .L black
350: (default),
351: .LR red ,
352: .LR green ,
353: .LR blue ,
354: or PostScript-style hue-saturation-brightness numbers separated by commas.
355: Hue is a fraction of the circumference of a color wheel with red at 0,
356: green at 0.33, and blue at 0.67; saturation ranges
357: from pure white at 0 to pure color at 1; brightness ranges from
358: black at 0 to full strength at 1.
359: .SH EXAMPLES
360: .TP
361: .L
362: map albers 28 45 -l 20 50 60 130 -m states
363: A customary curved-latitude map of the United States.
364: .TP
365: .L
366: map albers 28 45 -l 20 50 60 130 -C blue -m world -C green -m states
367: The same with shorelines in blue and state boundaries in green.
368: .TP
369: .L
370: map perspective 1.025 -o 40.75 74
371: A view looking down on New York from 100 miles
372: (0.025 of the 4000-mile earth radius).
373: The job can be done faster by limiting the map so as not to `plot'
374: the invisible part of the world:
375: .LR "map perspective 1.025 -o 40.75 74 -l 20 60 30 100".
376: .TP
377: .L
378: map mercator -o 49.25 -106 180
379: A map whose `equator' is a great circle pasing east-west
380: through New York.
381: The pole of the map is placed 90\(de away (40.75+49.25=90)
382: on the
383: other side of the earth.
384: A 180\(de twist around the pole of the map arranges that the
385: Prime Meridian of the map runs from the pole of the
386: map over the North Pole to New York
387: instead of down the back side of the earth.
388: The same effect can be had from
389: .L
390: map mercator -o 130.75 74
391: .TP
392: .L
393: map albers 28 45 -l 20 50 60 130 -y yfile -t tfile
394: An example of tracks, labels, and symbols.
395: Arrows at New York and Miami are 8% and 12%
396: as long as the map is wide.
397: The contents of
398: .L yfile
399: and
400: .L tfile
401: are
402: .nf
403: .ft L
404: .ta 3i
405: ra -50 -50 50 50 25.77 80.20 :arrow 12
406: :arrow 25.77 80.20 Miami
407: m -1 0 25.77 80.20
408: v 0 0 35.00 74.02
409: v -.6 .3 40.67 74.02 !arrow 8
410: m -.6 -.3 40.67 74.02 " New York
411: v 0 0 34.05 118.25 Los Angeles
412: .ft
413: .TP
414: .L
415: map harrison 2 30 -l -90 90 120 240 -o 90 0 0
416: A fan view covering 60\(de on either
417: side of the Date Line, as seen from one earth radius
418: above the North Pole gazing at the
419: earth's limb, which is 30\(de off vertical.
420: Option
421: .B -o
422: overrides the default
423: .BR "-o 90 0 180" ,
424: which would rotate
425: the scene to behind the observer.
426: .SH FILES
427: All files in directory $MAPDIR
428: .TF counties
429: .TP
430: .F [1-4]??
431: World Data Bank II for option
432: .B -f
433: .TP
434: .BR world , states , counties
435: default and other maps for option
436: .B -m
437: .TP
438: .F *.x
439: map indexes
440: .TP
441: .F map
442: the program proper
443: .SH "SEE ALSO"
444: .IR map (5),
445: .IR proj (3),
446: .IR plot (1)
447: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
448: `Map seems to be empty'\(ema coarse survey found
449: zero extent within the
450: .B -l
451: and
452: .BR -w
453: bounds; for maps of limited extent
454: the grid resolution,
455: .I res,
456: or the limits may have to be refined.
457: .SH BUGS
458: Windows (option
459: .BR -w )
460: cannot cross the Date Line.
461: .br
462: Segments that cross a border are dropped, not clipped.
463: .br
464: Certain very long line segments are dropped on the assumption
465: that they were intended to go the other way around the world.
466: .br
467: Automatic scaling may miss the extreme points of
468: peculiarly shaped maps; use option
469: .B -p
470: to recover.
471: .br
472: Multiple occurrences of options are not diagnosed.
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