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Annotation of researchv10no/cmd/map/export/map.7, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH MAP 7
        !             2: .CT 1 inst_info
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: map \- draw maps on various projections
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B map
        !             7: .I projection
        !             8: [
        !             9: .I param ...
        !            10: ]
        !            11: [
        !            12: .I option ...
        !            13: ]
        !            14: .PP
        !            15: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            16: .I Map
        !            17: prepares on the standard output a
        !            18: map suitable for display by any
        !            19: plotting filter described in
        !            20: .IR  plot (1).
        !            21: A menu of projections is produced in response to an unknown
        !            22: .IR projection .
        !            23: For the meanings of
        !            24: .I params
        !            25: pertinent to particular projections
        !            26: see
        !            27: .IR  proj (3).
        !            28: .PP
        !            29: The default data for
        !            30: .I map
        !            31: are world shorelines.
        !            32: Option
        !            33: .B -f
        !            34: accesses more detailed data
        !            35: classified by feature.
        !            36: .TP
        !            37: .BR -f " [ \fIfeature\fR ... ]"
        !            38: Features are ranked 1 (default) to 4 from major to minor.
        !            39: Higher-numbered ranks include all lower-numbered ones.
        !            40: Feature
        !            41: .B shore1
        !            42: is included by default.
        !            43: Features are
        !            44: .RS
        !            45: .TF country[1-3]
        !            46: .TP
        !            47: .BR shore [ 1 - 4 ] 
        !            48: seacoasts, lakes, and islands; in the absence of
        !            49: .BR -m ,
        !            50: option
        !            51: .B -f
        !            52: automatically includes
        !            53: .B shore1
        !            54: .TP
        !            55: .BR ilake [ 1 - 2 ] 
        !            56: intermittent lakes
        !            57: .TP
        !            58: .BR river [ 1 - 4 ] 
        !            59: rivers
        !            60: .TP
        !            61: .BR iriver [ 1 - 3 ] 
        !            62: intermittent rivers
        !            63: .TP
        !            64: .BR canal [ 1 - 3 ] 
        !            65: .BR 3 =irrigation
        !            66: canals
        !            67: .TP
        !            68: .BR glacier
        !            69: .TP
        !            70: .BR iceshelf [ 12 ] 
        !            71: .TP
        !            72: .BR reef
        !            73: .TP
        !            74: .BR saltpan [ 12 ] 
        !            75: .TP
        !            76: .BR country [ 1 - 3 ] 
        !            77: .BR 2 =disputed
        !            78: boundaries,
        !            79: .BR 3 =indefinite
        !            80: boundaries
        !            81: .TP
        !            82: .BR state
        !            83: states and provinces (US and Canada only)
        !            84: .PD
        !            85: .RE
        !            86: .PP
        !            87: In other options
        !            88: coordinates are in degrees, with north latitude
        !            89: and west longitude counted as positive.
        !            90: .TP 0
        !            91: .BI -l " S N E W"
        !            92: Set the southern and northern latitude
        !            93: and the eastern and western longitude limits.
        !            94: Missing arguments are filled out from the list
        !            95: \-90, 90, \-180, 180.
        !            96: .TP
        !            97: .BI -k " S N E W
        !            98: Set the scale as if for a map with limits
        !            99: .B -l
        !           100: .I "S N E W".
        !           101: Do not consider any
        !           102: .B -l
        !           103: or
        !           104: .B -w
        !           105: option in setting scale.
        !           106: .TP
        !           107: .BI -o " lat lon rot"
        !           108: Orient the map in a nonstandard position.
        !           109: Imagine a transparent gridded sphere around the globe.
        !           110: Turn the overlay about the North Pole
        !           111: so that the Prime Meridian (longitude 0)
        !           112: of the overlay coincides with meridian
        !           113: .I lon
        !           114: on the globe.
        !           115: Then tilt the North Pole of the
        !           116: overlay along its Prime Meridian to latitude
        !           117: .I lat
        !           118: on the globe.
        !           119: Finally again turn the
        !           120: overlay about its `North Pole' so
        !           121: that its Prime Meridian coincides with the previous position
        !           122: of meridian
        !           123: .IR rot .
        !           124: Project the map in
        !           125: the standard form appropriate to the overlay, but presenting
        !           126: information from the underlying globe.
        !           127: Missing arguments are filled out from the list
        !           128: 90, 0, 0.
        !           129: In the absence of
        !           130: .BR \-o ,
        !           131: the orientation is 90, 0,
        !           132: .I m,
        !           133: where
        !           134: .I m
        !           135: is the middle of the longitude range.
        !           136: .TP
        !           137: .BI -w " S N E W"
        !           138: Window the map by the specified latitudes
        !           139: and longitudes in the tilted, rotated coordinate system.
        !           140: Missing arguments are filled out from the list \-90, 90, \-180, 180.
        !           141: (It is wise to give an encompassing
        !           142: .B -l
        !           143: option with
        !           144: .BR -w .
        !           145: Otherwise for small windows computing time
        !           146: varies inversely with area!)
        !           147: .TP
        !           148: .BI -d " n"
        !           149: For speed, plot only every
        !           150: .IR n th
        !           151: point.
        !           152: .TP
        !           153: .B  -r
        !           154: Reverse left and right
        !           155: (good for star charts and inside-out views).
        !           156: .TP
        !           157: .B -v
        !           158: Verso.
        !           159: Switch to a normally suppressed sheet of the map, such as the
        !           160: back side of the earth in orthographic projection.
        !           161: .TP
        !           162: .B  -s1
        !           163: .br
        !           164: .ns
        !           165: .TP
        !           166: .B -s2
        !           167: Superpose.  Outputs for a
        !           168: .B -s1
        !           169: map (no closing) and a
        !           170: .B -s2
        !           171: map (no opening) may be concatenated.
        !           172: .TP
        !           173: .BI -g " dlat dlon res"
        !           174: Grid spacings are
        !           175: .I dlat,
        !           176: .I dlon.
        !           177: Zero spacing means no grid.
        !           178: Missing
        !           179: .I dlat
        !           180: is taken to be zero.
        !           181: Missing
        !           182: .I dlon
        !           183: is taken the same as
        !           184: .IR dlat .
        !           185: Grid lines are drawn to a resolution of
        !           186: .I res
        !           187: (2\(de or less by default).
        !           188: In the absence of
        !           189: .BR \-g ,
        !           190: grid spacing is 10\(de.
        !           191: .TP
        !           192: .BI -p " lat lon extent"
        !           193: Position the point
        !           194: .I lat, lon
        !           195: at the center of the plotting area.
        !           196: Scale the map so that the height (and width) of the
        !           197: nominal plotting area is
        !           198: .I extent
        !           199: times the size of one degree of latitude
        !           200: at the center.
        !           201: By default maps are scaled and positioned
        !           202: to fit within the plotting area.
        !           203: An
        !           204: .I extent
        !           205: overrides option
        !           206: .BR -k .
        !           207: .TP
        !           208: .BI -c " x y rot"
        !           209: After all other positioning and scaling operations
        !           210: have been performed, rotate the image
        !           211: .I rot
        !           212: degrees counterclockwise about the center 
        !           213: and move the center to position
        !           214: .I x, y,
        !           215: where the nominal plotting area is
        !           216: .RI \-1 \(<= x \(<= 1,
        !           217: .RI \-1 \(<= y \(<= 1.
        !           218: Missing arguments are taken to be 0.
        !           219: .TP
        !           220: .BR -m " [ \fIfile\fP ... ]"
        !           221: Use
        !           222: map data from named files.
        !           223: If no files are named, omit map data.
        !           224: Names that are not pathnames of data files are looked up in
        !           225: a standard directory, which contains, in addition to the
        !           226: data for
        !           227: .BR -f ,
        !           228: .RS
        !           229: .LP
        !           230: .TF counties
        !           231: .TP
        !           232: .B world
        !           233: World Data Bank I (default)
        !           234: .TP
        !           235: .B states
        !           236: US map from Census Bureau
        !           237: .TP
        !           238: .B counties
        !           239: US map from Census Bureau
        !           240: .PD
        !           241: .RE
        !           242: .IP
        !           243: The environment variables
        !           244: .B MAP 
        !           245: and
        !           246: .B MAPDIR 
        !           247: change the default
        !           248: map and default directory.
        !           249: .TP
        !           250: .BI -b " \fR[ \fPlat1 lon1 lat2 lon2 \fR... ]"
        !           251: Suppress the drawing of the normal boundary
        !           252: (defined by options
        !           253: .BR -l 
        !           254: and
        !           255: .BR -w ).
        !           256: Coordinates, if present, define the vertices of a
        !           257: polygon to which the map is clipped.
        !           258: If only two vertices are given, they are taken to be the
        !           259: diagonal of a rectangle.
        !           260: To draw the polygon, give its vertices as a
        !           261: .B -u
        !           262: track.
        !           263: .TP
        !           264: .BI -t " file ..."
        !           265: The arguments name ASCII files that
        !           266: contain lists of points,
        !           267: given as latitude-longitude pairs in degrees.
        !           268: If the first file is named 
        !           269: .LR - ,
        !           270: the standard input is taken instead.
        !           271: The points of each list are plotted as connected `tracks'.
        !           272: .IP
        !           273: Points in a track file may be followed by label strings.
        !           274: A label breaks the track.
        !           275: A label may be prefixed by
        !           276: \f5"\fR,
        !           277: .LR : ,
        !           278: or 
        !           279: .L !
        !           280: and is terminated by a newline.
        !           281: An unprefixed string or a string prefixed with
        !           282: .L
        !           283: "
        !           284: is displayed at the designated point.
        !           285: The first word of a
        !           286: .L :
        !           287: or
        !           288: .L !
        !           289: string names a special symbol (see option
        !           290: .BR -y ).
        !           291: An optional numerical second word is a scale factor
        !           292: for the size of the symbol, 1 by default.
        !           293: A
        !           294: .L :
        !           295: symbol is aligned with its top to the north; a
        !           296: .L !
        !           297: symbol is aligned vertically on the page.
        !           298: .TP
        !           299: .BI -u " file ..."
        !           300: Same as
        !           301: .BR -t ,
        !           302: except the tracks are
        !           303: unbroken lines.
        !           304: .RB ( -t
        !           305: tracks appear as dot-dashed lines if the plotting filter supports them.)
        !           306: .TP
        !           307: .BI -y " file
        !           308: The
        !           309: .I file
        !           310: contains 
        !           311: .IR plot (5)-style
        !           312: data for
        !           313: .L :
        !           314: or
        !           315: .L !
        !           316: labels in
        !           317: .B -t
        !           318: or
        !           319: .B -u
        !           320: files.
        !           321: Each symbol is defined by a comment
        !           322: .BI : name
        !           323: then a sequence of
        !           324: .L m
        !           325: and
        !           326: .L v
        !           327: commands.
        !           328: Coordinates (0,0) fall on the plotting point.
        !           329: Default scaling is as if the nominal plotting range were
        !           330: .LR "ra -1 -1 1 1" ;
        !           331: .L ra
        !           332: commands in
        !           333: .I file
        !           334: change the scaling.
        !           335: .TP 
        !           336: .BI -C " color
        !           337: Set the color for drawing subsequent
        !           338: .BR -l ,
        !           339: .BR -w ,
        !           340: .BR -g ,
        !           341: .BR -m ,
        !           342: .BR -f ,
        !           343: .BR -t ,
        !           344: and
        !           345: .BR -u
        !           346: data.
        !           347: .I Color
        !           348: may be set several times, to
        !           349: .L black
        !           350: (default),
        !           351: .LR red ,
        !           352: .LR green ,
        !           353: .LR blue ,
        !           354: or PostScript-style hue-saturation-brightness numbers separated by commas.
        !           355: Hue is a fraction of the circumference of a color wheel with red at 0,
        !           356: green at 0.33, and blue at 0.67; saturation ranges
        !           357: from pure white at 0 to pure color at 1; brightness ranges from
        !           358: black at 0 to full strength at 1.
        !           359: .SH EXAMPLES
        !           360: .TP
        !           361: .L
        !           362: map albers 28 45 -l 20 50 60 130 -m states
        !           363: A customary curved-latitude map of the United States.
        !           364: .TP
        !           365: .L
        !           366: map albers 28 45 -l 20 50 60 130 -C blue -m world -C green -m states
        !           367: The same with shorelines in blue and state boundaries in green.
        !           368: .TP
        !           369: .L
        !           370: map perspective 1.025 -o 40.75 74
        !           371: A view looking down on New York from 100 miles
        !           372: (0.025 of the 4000-mile earth radius).
        !           373: The job can be done faster by limiting the map so as not to `plot'
        !           374: the invisible part of the world:
        !           375: .LR "map perspective 1.025 -o 40.75 74 -l 20 60 30 100".
        !           376: .TP
        !           377: .L
        !           378: map mercator -o 49.25 -106 180
        !           379: A map whose `equator' is a great circle pasing east-west
        !           380: through New York.
        !           381: The pole of the map is placed 90\(de away (40.75+49.25=90)
        !           382: on the
        !           383: other side of the earth.
        !           384: A 180\(de twist around the pole of the map arranges that the
        !           385: Prime Meridian of the map runs from the pole of the
        !           386: map over the North Pole to New York
        !           387: instead of down the back side of the earth.
        !           388: The same effect can be had from
        !           389: .L
        !           390: map mercator -o 130.75 74
        !           391: .TP
        !           392: .L
        !           393: map albers 28 45 -l 20 50 60 130 -y yfile -t tfile
        !           394: An example of tracks, labels, and symbols.
        !           395: Arrows at New York and Miami are 8% and 12%
        !           396: as long as the map is wide.
        !           397: The contents of 
        !           398: .L yfile
        !           399: and
        !           400: .L tfile
        !           401: are
        !           402: .nf
        !           403: .ft L
        !           404: .ta 3i
        !           405: ra -50 -50 50 50       25.77 80.20 :arrow 12   
        !           406: :arrow 25.77  80.20 Miami
        !           407: m -1 0 25.77  80.20 
        !           408: v 0 0  35.00  74.02
        !           409: v -.6 .3       40.67  74.02 !arrow 8
        !           410: m -.6 -.3      40.67  74.02 " New York 
        !           411: v 0 0  34.05 118.25 Los Angeles
        !           412: .ft
        !           413: .TP
        !           414: .L
        !           415: map harrison 2 30 -l -90 90 120 240 -o 90 0 0
        !           416: A fan view covering 60\(de on either
        !           417: side of the Date Line, as seen from one earth radius
        !           418: above the North Pole gazing at the
        !           419: earth's limb, which is 30\(de off vertical.
        !           420: Option
        !           421: .B -o
        !           422: overrides the default
        !           423: .BR "-o 90 0 180" , 
        !           424: which would rotate
        !           425: the scene to behind the observer.
        !           426: .SH FILES
        !           427: All files in directory $MAPDIR
        !           428: .TF counties
        !           429: .TP
        !           430: .F [1-4]??
        !           431: World Data Bank II for option
        !           432: .B -f
        !           433: .TP
        !           434: .BR world , states , counties
        !           435: default and other maps for option
        !           436: .B -m
        !           437: .TP
        !           438: .F *.x
        !           439: map indexes
        !           440: .TP
        !           441: .F map
        !           442: the program proper
        !           443: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           444: .IR map (5), 
        !           445: .IR proj (3), 
        !           446: .IR plot (1)
        !           447: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !           448: `Map seems to be empty'\(ema coarse survey found
        !           449: zero extent within the 
        !           450: .B -l
        !           451: and
        !           452: .BR -w 
        !           453: bounds; for maps of limited extent
        !           454: the grid resolution,
        !           455: .I res,
        !           456: or the limits may have to be refined.
        !           457: .SH BUGS
        !           458: Windows (option
        !           459: .BR -w )
        !           460: cannot cross the Date Line.
        !           461: .br
        !           462: Segments that cross a border are dropped, not clipped.
        !           463: .br
        !           464: Certain very long line segments are dropped on the assumption
        !           465: that they were intended to go the other way around the world.
        !           466: .br
        !           467: Automatic scaling may miss the extreme points of
        !           468: peculiarly shaped maps; use option
        !           469: .B -p
        !           470: to recover.
        !           471: .br
        !           472: Multiple occurrences of options are not diagnosed.

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