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Annotation of researchv10no/cmd/odist/pax/man/man1/pax.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\"
        !             2: .\" G. S. Fowler
        !             3: .\" AT&T Bell Laboratories
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\" @(#)pax.1 (ulysses!gsf) 01/11/90
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .TH PAX 1
        !             8: .SH NAME
        !             9: pax \- portable archive interchange
        !            10: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            11: .B pax
        !            12: [
        !            13: .B \-rmnov
        !            14: ] [
        !            15: .B \-f
        !            16: .I archive
        !            17: ] [
        !            18: .B \-s
        !            19: .RI / old / new /[gp]
        !            20: ] [
        !            21: .I "pattern ..."
        !            22: ]
        !            23: .LP
        !            24: .B pax
        !            25: .B \-w
        !            26: [
        !            27: .B mv
        !            28: ] [
        !            29: .B \-b
        !            30: .I blocking
        !            31: ] [
        !            32: .B \-f
        !            33: .I archive
        !            34: ] [
        !            35: .B \-s
        !            36: .RI / old / new /[gp]
        !            37: ] [
        !            38: .B \-x
        !            39: .I format
        !            40: ] [
        !            41: .I "pathname ..."
        !            42: ]
        !            43: .LP
        !            44: .B pax
        !            45: .B \-rw
        !            46: [
        !            47: .B mov
        !            48: ] [
        !            49: .B \-s
        !            50: .RI / old / new /[gp]
        !            51: ] [
        !            52: .I "pathname ..."
        !            53: ]
        !            54: .I directory
        !            55: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            56: .I pax
        !            57: reads and writes archive files in various formats.
        !            58: There are four operation modes controlled by combinations of the
        !            59: .B \-r
        !            60: and
        !            61: .B \-w
        !            62: options.
        !            63: .PP
        !            64: .B "pax \-w"
        !            65: writes the files and directories named by the
        !            66: .I pathname
        !            67: arguments to the standard output together with
        !            68: pathname and status information.
        !            69: A directory
        !            70: .I pathname
        !            71: argument refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories
        !            72: of that directory.
        !            73: If no
        !            74: .I pathname
        !            75: arguments are given then the standard input is read to get
        !            76: a list of pathnames to copy, one pathname per line.
        !            77: In this case only those pathnames appearing on the standard input are copied.
        !            78: .PP
        !            79: .B "pax \-r"
        !            80: reads files from the standard input that is assumed
        !            81: to be the result of a previous
        !            82: .B "pax \-w"
        !            83: command.
        !            84: Only files with names that match any of the
        !            85: .I pattern
        !            86: arguments are selected.
        !            87: A
        !            88: .I pattern
        !            89: is given in the name-generating notation of
        !            90: .IR sh (1),
        !            91: except that the
        !            92: .B /
        !            93: character is also matched.
        !            94: The default if no
        !            95: .I pattern
        !            96: is given is
        !            97: .BR * ,
        !            98: which selects all files.
        !            99: The selected files are conditionally created and copied relative
        !           100: to the current directory tree, subject to the options described below.
        !           101: By default the owner and group of selected files will be that of the
        !           102: current user, and the permissions and modify times will be the same
        !           103: as those in the archive.
        !           104: If the
        !           105: .B \-r
        !           106: option is omitted then a table of contents of the selected files is
        !           107: listed on the standard output.
        !           108: .PP
        !           109: .B "pax \-rw"
        !           110: reads the files and directories named in the
        !           111: .I pathname
        !           112: arguments and copies them to the destination
        !           113: .IR directory .
        !           114: A directory
        !           115: .I pathname
        !           116: argument refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories
        !           117: of that directory.
        !           118: If no
        !           119: .I pathname
        !           120: arguments are given then the standard input is read to get
        !           121: a list of pathnames to copy, one pathname per line.
        !           122: In this case only those pathnames appearing on the standard input are copied.
        !           123: .I directory
        !           124: must exist before the copy.
        !           125: .PP
        !           126: The standard archive formats are automatically detected on input.
        !           127: The default output archive format is implementation defined,
        !           128: but may be overridden by the
        !           129: .B \-x
        !           130: option described below.
        !           131: .I pax
        !           132: archives may be concatenated to combine multiple volumes on a single
        !           133: tape or file.
        !           134: This is accomplished by forcing any format prescribed pad data to be null bytes.
        !           135: Hard links are not maintained between volumes, and
        !           136: delta and base archives cannot be multi-volume.
        !           137: .PP
        !           138: A single archive may span many files/devices.
        !           139: The second and subsequent file names are prompted for on the terminal input.
        !           140: The response may be:
        !           141: .TP
        !           142: .BI ! command
        !           143: Execute
        !           144: .I command
        !           145: via
        !           146: .IR system (3)
        !           147: and prompt again for file name.
        !           148: .TP
        !           149: .B EOF
        !           150: Exit without further processing.
        !           151: .TP
        !           152: .B CR
        !           153: An empty input line retains the previous file name.
        !           154: .TP
        !           155: .I pathname
        !           156: The file name for the next archive part.
        !           157: .SS "Basic Options"
        !           158: These options support basic archive operations.
        !           159: .TP
        !           160: .BI b " blocking"
        !           161: Set the output blocking size.
        !           162: If no suffix (or a
        !           163: .B c
        !           164: suffix) is specified then
        !           165: .I blocking
        !           166: is in 1 character units.
        !           167: A
        !           168: .B b
        !           169: suffix multiplies
        !           170: .I blocking
        !           171: by 512 (1 block), a
        !           172: .B k
        !           173: suffix multiplies
        !           174: .I blocking
        !           175: by 1024 (1 kilobyte) and an
        !           176: .B m
        !           177: suffix multiplies
        !           178: .I blocking
        !           179: by 1048576 (1 megabyte).
        !           180: .I blocking
        !           181: is automatically determined on input and is ignored for
        !           182: .BR \-rw .
        !           183: The default
        !           184: .I blocking
        !           185: is
        !           186: .B 10k
        !           187: for block and character special archive files and
        !           188: implementation defined otherwise.
        !           189: The minimum
        !           190: .I blocking
        !           191: is
        !           192: .BR 1c .
        !           193: .TP
        !           194: .BI f " archive"
        !           195: .I archive
        !           196: is the pathname of the input or output archive, overriding the default
        !           197: standard input for
        !           198: .B \-r
        !           199: and
        !           200: .B \-rw
        !           201: or standard output for
        !           202: .BR \-w .
        !           203: .TP
        !           204: .B m
        !           205: File modification times are not retained.
        !           206: .TP
        !           207: .B n
        !           208: For
        !           209: .B \-r
        !           210: the pattern arguments are treated as ordinary file names.
        !           211: Only the first occurrence of each of these files in the
        !           212: input archive is read.
        !           213: .I pax
        !           214: exits with zero exit status after all files in the list have been read.
        !           215: If one or more files in the list is not found,
        !           216: .I pax
        !           217: writes a message to standard error for each of these files
        !           218: and exits with a non-zero exit status.
        !           219: The file names are compared before any of the
        !           220: .B \-i,
        !           221: .B \-s,
        !           222: or
        !           223: .B \-y
        !           224: options are applied.
        !           225: .TP
        !           226: .B o
        !           227: Restore file ownership as specified in the archive.
        !           228: The current user must have appropriate privileges.
        !           229: .TP
        !           230: \fBs\fP /\fIold\fP/\fInew\fP/[\fIglpu\fP]
        !           231: File names and symbolic link text are mapped according
        !           232: to the
        !           233: .IR ed (1)
        !           234: style substitution expression.
        !           235: Any non-null character may be used as a delimiter
        !           236: .RB ( /
        !           237: shown here).
        !           238: Multiple
        !           239: .B \-s
        !           240: expressions may be specified; the expressions are applied from left to right,
        !           241: terminating with the first successful substitution.
        !           242: A trailing
        !           243: .B l
        !           244: converts the matched string to lower case.
        !           245: A trailing
        !           246: .B p
        !           247: causes successful mappings to be listed on the standard error.
        !           248: A trailing
        !           249: .B u
        !           250: converts the matched string to upper case.
        !           251: File names that substitute to the null string are ignored on
        !           252: both input and output.
        !           253: The
        !           254: .B \-P
        !           255: option inhibits symbolic link text substitution.
        !           256: .TP
        !           257: .B v
        !           258: Produces a verbose table of contents listing on the standard output when both
        !           259: .B \-r
        !           260: and
        !           261: .B \-w
        !           262: are omitted.
        !           263: Otherwise the file names are listed on the standard error
        !           264: as they are encountered.
        !           265: .TP
        !           266: .BI x " format"
        !           267: Specifies the output archive
        !           268: .IR format .
        !           269: If specified with
        !           270: .B \-rw
        !           271: then the standard input is treated as an archive that is converted to a
        !           272: .I format
        !           273: archive on the standard output.
        !           274: The input format, which must be one of the following,
        !           275: is automatically determined.
        !           276: The default output format, named by
        !           277: .BR \- ,
        !           278: is
        !           279: .BR cpio .
        !           280: The formats are:
        !           281: .RS
        !           282: .PD 0
        !           283: .TP
        !           284: .B asc
        !           285: The
        !           286: .B s5r4
        !           287: extended
        !           288: .IR cpio (5)
        !           289: character format.
        !           290: .TP
        !           291: .B ansi
        !           292: ANSI standard label tape format.
        !           293: Only regular files with simple pathnames are archived.
        !           294: Valid only for blocked devices.
        !           295: .TP
        !           296: .B asc
        !           297: The
        !           298: .B s5r4
        !           299: extended
        !           300: .IR cpio (5)
        !           301: character format.
        !           302: .TP
        !           303: .B aschk
        !           304: The
        !           305: .B s5r4
        !           306: extended
        !           307: .IR cpio (5)
        !           308: character format with header checksum.
        !           309: This format is misnamed
        !           310: .B crc
        !           311: in the
        !           312: .B s5r4
        !           313: documentation.
        !           314: .TP
        !           315: .B binary
        !           316: The
        !           317: .IR cpio (5)
        !           318: binary format with symbolic links.
        !           319: This format is obsolete and should not be used on output.
        !           320: .TP
        !           321: .B cpio
        !           322: The
        !           323: .IR cpio (5)
        !           324: character format with symbolic links.
        !           325: This is the default output format.
        !           326: .TP
        !           327: .B ibmar
        !           328: EBCDIC standard label tape format.
        !           329: Only regular files with simple pathnames are archived.
        !           330: Valid only for tape devices.
        !           331: .TP
        !           332: .B posix
        !           333: The IEEE 1003.1b-1990 interchange format, partially compatible with
        !           334: the X3.27 standard labeled tape format.
        !           335: .TP
        !           336: .B portarch
        !           337: The svr2 portable object library format.
        !           338: Valid only on input.
        !           339: .TP
        !           340: .B randarch
        !           341: The BSD ranlib object library format.
        !           342: Valid only on input.
        !           343: .TP
        !           344: .B tar
        !           345: The
        !           346: .IR tar (5)
        !           347: format with symbolic links.
        !           348: .TP
        !           349: .B ustar
        !           350: The POSIX IEEE Std 1003.1-1988 tar format.
        !           351: .TP
        !           352: .B vmsbackup
        !           353: ANSI standard label VMS backup savset tape format.
        !           354: Valid only for input tape devices.
        !           355: .PD
        !           356: .RE
        !           357: .SS "Compatibility Options"
        !           358: These options provide functional compatibility with the old
        !           359: .IR cpio (1)
        !           360: and
        !           361: .IR tar (1)
        !           362: commands.
        !           363: .TP
        !           364: .B a
        !           365: For
        !           366: .B \-w
        !           367: append files to the end of the archive.
        !           368: .TP
        !           369: .B c
        !           370: Complement the match sense of the
        !           371: .I pattern
        !           372: arguments.
        !           373: .TP
        !           374: .B d
        !           375: Intermediate directories not explicitly listed in the archive
        !           376: are not created.
        !           377: .TP
        !           378: .B i
        !           379: Interactively
        !           380: .I rename
        !           381: files.
        !           382: A file is skipped if a null line is entered and
        !           383: .I pax
        !           384: exits if
        !           385: .B EOF
        !           386: is encountered.
        !           387: .TP
        !           388: .B l
        !           389: For
        !           390: .BR \-rw ,
        !           391: files are linked rather than copied when possible.
        !           392: .TP
        !           393: .B p
        !           394: Preserve the access times of input files after they have been copied.
        !           395: .TP
        !           396: .BI t " device"
        !           397: .I device
        !           398: is an identifier that names the input or output archive device,
        !           399: overriding the default standard input for
        !           400: .B \-r
        !           401: or standard output for
        !           402: .BR \-w .
        !           403: Tape devices may be specified as
        !           404: .IR drive [ density\|rewind ]
        !           405: where
        !           406: .I drive
        !           407: is a drive number in the range [0\-7],
        !           408: .I density
        !           409: is one of
        !           410: .BR l ,
        !           411: .B m
        !           412: and
        !           413: .B h
        !           414: for
        !           415: .B low
        !           416: (800 bpi),
        !           417: .B medium
        !           418: (1600 bpi \- default)
        !           419: and
        !           420: .B high
        !           421: (6250 bpi)
        !           422: tape densities and
        !           423: .I rewind
        !           424: is
        !           425: .B n
        !           426: to inhibit rewinding of the tape device when it is closed.
        !           427: Other forms for
        !           428: .I device
        !           429: are implementation defined.
        !           430: .TP
        !           431: .B u
        !           432: Copy each file only if it is newer than a pre-existing file with the same name.
        !           433: This option implies
        !           434: .BR \-a .
        !           435: .TP
        !           436: .B y
        !           437: Interactively prompt for the disposition of each file.
        !           438: .B EOF
        !           439: or an input line starting with
        !           440: .B q
        !           441: causes
        !           442: .I pax
        !           443: to exit.
        !           444: Otherwise an input line starting with anything other than
        !           445: .B y
        !           446: causes the file to be ignored.
        !           447: .SS "Extended Options"
        !           448: These options provide fine archive control, including delta archive operations.
        !           449: .TP
        !           450: .BI e " filter"
        !           451: Run the
        !           452: .I filter
        !           453: command on each file to be output.
        !           454: The current name of the file to be output is appended to the filter command
        !           455: string before the command is executed by the shell.
        !           456: .TP
        !           457: .B h
        !           458: Inhibit archive heading and summmary information messages to stderr.
        !           459: .TP
        !           460: .B k
        !           461: For
        !           462: .B \-r
        !           463: continue processing the archive after encountering an error by attempting
        !           464: to locate the next valid entry.
        !           465: This is useful for archives stored on unreliable media.
        !           466: .TP
        !           467: .BI z " base"
        !           468: Specifies the delta base archive
        !           469: .I base
        !           470: that is assumed to be the result of a previous
        !           471: .B "pax \-w"
        !           472: command.
        !           473: For
        !           474: .B \-w
        !           475: the input files are compared with the files in
        !           476: .I base
        !           477: and file delta information is placed in the output archive
        !           478: using the delta algorithm.
        !           479: For
        !           480: .B \-r
        !           481: the delta information in the input archive is used to update the
        !           482: output files with respect to the files in
        !           483: .IR base .
        !           484: For
        !           485: .B \-rw
        !           486: the delta information in the archive on the standard input is used
        !           487: to generate an archive on the standard output whose entries are updated
        !           488: with respect to the files in
        !           489: .IR base .
        !           490: If
        !           491: .I base
        !           492: is
        !           493: .B \-
        !           494: or an empty file then the input files are simply compressed.
        !           495: .B "\-z -"
        !           496: must also be specified to produce a compressed archive for
        !           497: .BR \-rw .
        !           498: .TP
        !           499: .BI B " count"
        !           500: Sets the maximum archive part output character count.
        !           501: .I pax
        !           502: prompts for the next archive part file name.
        !           503: Valid only with
        !           504: .BR \-w .
        !           505: .TP
        !           506: .B C
        !           507: Archive entries smaller than
        !           508: .BI \-B " maxblocks"
        !           509: must be contained within a single part.
        !           510: Valid only with
        !           511: .BR \-B .
        !           512: .TP
        !           513: .B L
        !           514: Copy a logical view of the input files.
        !           515: Symbolic links are followed, causing the pointed to files to be copied
        !           516: rather than the symbolic link information.
        !           517: This is the default.
        !           518: .TP
        !           519: .BI M " message"
        !           520: Set the
        !           521: .I "end of medium"
        !           522: prompt to
        !           523: .IR message .
        !           524: This message is used to prompt interactively for the next tape
        !           525: reel or cartridge in cases where the tape runs out before
        !           526: all files have been copied.
        !           527: .I message
        !           528: may contain one
        !           529: .IR printf (3)
        !           530: style integer format specification that is replaced with the
        !           531: next part number.
        !           532: .TP
        !           533: .B P
        !           534: Copy a physical view of the input files.
        !           535: Causes symbolic link information to be copied as opposed to the
        !           536: default (logical view) action of following symbolic links
        !           537: and copying the pointed to files.
        !           538: .TP
        !           539: \fBR\fP \fIoption\fP[\fIvalue\fP][,\fIoption\fP[\fIvalue\fP]...]
        !           540: Set record oriented format options.
        !           541: Multiple options may be concatenated using
        !           542: .BR , .
        !           543: Some options may be fixed for some formats.
        !           544: The options are:
        !           545: .RS
        !           546: .PD 0
        !           547: .TP
        !           548: .B c
        !           549: Record data is subject to character set conversions.
        !           550: .TP
        !           551: .BI f format
        !           552: Set the output record format to
        !           553: .IR format .
        !           554: The supported record formats are:
        !           555: .RS
        !           556: .TP
        !           557: .B D
        !           558: Variable length with 4 byte record header.
        !           559: The record size default is 512.
        !           560: .TP
        !           561: .B F
        !           562: Fixed length with no record header.
        !           563: The record size default is 128.
        !           564: .TP
        !           565: .B S
        !           566: Spanned variable length with 4 byte record header.
        !           567: The record size default is 0 (no limit).
        !           568: .TP
        !           569: .B U
        !           570: Variable length with no record header.
        !           571: The output block size matches the size of each output record.
        !           572: The record size default is 512.
        !           573: .TP
        !           574: .B V
        !           575: Spanned variable length with binary 4 byte record header.
        !           576: The record size default is 0 (no limit).
        !           577: The
        !           578: .B D
        !           579: format is preferred.
        !           580: .PD
        !           581: .RE
        !           582: .TP
        !           583: .BI m pattern
        !           584: Only those files with input record format matching
        !           585: .I pattern
        !           586: are processed.
        !           587: .TP
        !           588: .B p
        !           589: Partial output blocks are padded to the full blocksize.
        !           590: .TP
        !           591: .BI s size
        !           592: Set the output record size to
        !           593: .IR size .
        !           594: .I size
        !           595: should divide the output blocking.
        !           596: .TP
        !           597: .BI v label
        !           598: Set the output volume label to
        !           599: .IR label .
        !           600: Some formats may truncate and/or case-convert
        !           601: .IR label .
        !           602: .PD
        !           603: .RE
        !           604: .TP
        !           605: .B S
        !           606: Similar to
        !           607: .B \-l
        !           608: except that symbolic links are created.
        !           609: .TP
        !           610: .BI U " id"
        !           611: Set file ownership to the default of the user named
        !           612: .IR id .
        !           613: Valid only for the super-user.
        !           614: .TP
        !           615: .B V
        !           616: Output a `.' as each file is encountered.
        !           617: This overrides the
        !           618: .B \-v
        !           619: option.
        !           620: .TP
        !           621: .B X
        !           622: Do not cross mount points when searching for files to output.
        !           623: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !           624: The number of files, blocks, and optionally the number of volumes and
        !           625: media parts are listed on the standard error.
        !           626: For
        !           627: .B \-v
        !           628: the input archive formats are also listed on the standard error.
        !           629: .SH EXAMPLES
        !           630: .TP
        !           631: .B "pax \-w \-t 1m ."
        !           632: Copies the contents of the current directory to tape drive 1, medium density.
        !           633: .TP
        !           634: .PD 0
        !           635: .BI mkdir "  newdir"
        !           636: .TP
        !           637: .BI cd "  olddir"
        !           638: .TP
        !           639: .BI "pax  \-rw  ." "  newdir"
        !           640: .PD
        !           641: Copies the
        !           642: .I olddir
        !           643: directory hierarchy to
        !           644: .IR newdir .
        !           645: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           646: ar(1), cpio(1), find(1), ksh(1), tar(1), tw(1), libdelta(3), cpio(5), tar(5)
        !           647: .SH BUGS
        !           648: Special privileges may be required to copy special files.
        !           649: .br
        !           650: Each archive format has a hard upper limit on member pathname sizes.
        !           651: .br
        !           652: Device, user-id and group-id numbers larger than 65535 cause additional
        !           653: header records to be output.
        !           654: These records are ignored by old versions of
        !           655: .IR cpio (1)
        !           656: and
        !           657: .IR tar (1).

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