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1.1 root 1: '\"macro stdmacro
2: .if n .pH g1.mailx %W% of %G%
3: .nr X
4: .if \nX=0 .ds x} mailx 1 "Essential Utilities" "\&"
5: .if \nX=1 .ds x} mailx 1 "Essential Utilities"
6: .if \nX=2 .ds x} mailx 1 "" "\&"
7: .if \nX=3 .ds x} mailx "" "" "\&"
8: .TH \*(x}
9: .\" mailx command (in COMMAND section)
10: .de Cm
11: .PD
12: .\"sp
13: .ne 3
14: .TP
15: \\f4\\$1\\f1\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9
16: .\"br
17: ..
18: .\" lines two through n of mailx command (.Cm)
19: .de C
20: .PD 0
21: .ne 2
22: .TP
23: \\f4\\$1\\f1\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9
24: .\"br
25: ..
26: .\" mailx tilde escape (in TILDE ESCAPE section)
27: .de Ti
28: .\"sp
29: .ne 2
30: .TP
31: \\f4~\\^\\$1\\f1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9
32: .\"br
33: ..
34: .\" mailx environment variable that takes an arg (in ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE section)
35: .de Va
36: .\"sp
37: .ne 2
38: .TP
39: \\f4\\$1\\f1=\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9
40: .\"br
41: ..
42: .\" mailx environment variable that does not take an arg (in ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE section)
43: .de V
44: .\"sp
45: .ne 2
46: .TP
47: \\f4\\$1\\f1
48: .\"br
49: ..
50: .\" mailx environment variable in running text
51: .de Ev
52: \f4\\$1\f1\\$2
53: ..
54: .ds Ma \\f4mailx\\f1
55: .ds EV "\s-1ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\s+1
56: .ds CM "\s-1COMMANDS\s+1
57: .ds TX "\s-1TILDE ESCAPES\s+1
58: .ds WA "\s-1WARNINGS\s+1
59: .ds al \\f2alias\\f1
60: .ds nu \\f2number\\f1
61: .ds ms \\f2message\f1
62: .ds sh \\f2shell-command\\f1
63: .ds mC \\f2mail-command\\f1
64: .ds dl \\f4dead.letter\\f1
65: .ds mr \\f4.mailrc\\f1
66: .ds mb \\f4mbox\\f1
67: .ds mx \\f4mailbox\\f1
68: .ds ml \\f2msglist\\f1
69: .ds om [\\f2msglist\\f1]
70: .ds hf \\f2header-field\\f1
71: .ds fn \\f2filename\\f1
72: .ds st \\f2string\\f1
73: .ds dr \\f2directory\\f1
74: .ds nm \\f2name\\f1
75: .SH NAME
76: \f4mailx\f1 \- interactive message processing system
77: .SH SYNOPSIS
78: \f4mailx\f1
79: [
80: .I options
81: ] [
82: .IR name \|.\|.\|.\|
83: ]
84: .SH DESCRIPTION
85: The command
86: \f4mailx\fP provides a comfortable, flexible environment for sending and
87: receiving messages electronically.
88: When reading mail,
89: \*(Ma provides commands to facilitate saving, deleting, and responding to
90: messages.
91: When sending mail,
92: \*(Ma allows editing, reviewing and other modification of the message
93: as it is entered.
94: .PP
95: Many of the remote features of \f4mailx\fP
96: work only if the Basic Networking Utilities are installed on your system.
97: .PP
98: Incoming mail is stored in a standard file for each user,
99: called the \*(mx for that user.
100: When \*(Ma is called to read messages,
101: the \*(mx is the default place to find them.
102: As messages are read,
103: they are marked to be moved to a secondary file for storage,
104: unless specific action is taken,
105: so that the messages need not be seen again.
106: This secondary file is called the \*(mb
107: and is normally located in the user's
108: \f4HOME\f1
109: directory
110: [see
111: .Ev MBOX
112: (\*(EV) for a description of this file].
113: Messages can be saved in other secondary files named by the user.
114: Messages remain in a secondary file until forcibly removed.
115: .PP
116: The user can access a secondary file by using the
117: \f4\-f\f1 option of the \*(Ma command.
118: Messages in the secondary file can then be read or otherwise
119: processed using the same \*(CM as in the primary \*(mx.
120: This gives rise within these pages to the notion of a current \*(mx.
121: .PP
122: On the command line,
123: .I options
124: start with a dash (\-) and any other arguments are taken to be
125: destinations (recipients).
126: If no recipients are specified,
127: \*(Ma attempts to read messages from the \*(mx.
128: Command-line options are:
129: .PP
130: .RS
131: .TP 14
132: \f4\-d\f1
133: Turn on debugging output.
134: .TP
135: \f4\-e\f1
136: Test for presence of mail.
137: \f4mailx\fP prints nothing and exits with a successful return code if there is
138: mail to read.
139: .TP
140: \f4\-f\f1 [\*(fn]
141: Read messages from \*(fn instead of \*(mx.
142: If no \*(fn is specified,
143: the \*(mb is used.
144: .TP
145: \f4\-F\f1
146: Record the message in a file named after the first recipient.
147: Overrides the
148: .Ev record
149: variable, if set (see \*(EV).
150: .TP
151: \f4\-h\f1 \*(nu
152: The number of network ``hops'' made so far.
153: This is provided for network
154: software to avoid infinite delivery loops.
155: This option and its argument is passed to the delivery program.
156: .TP
157: \f4\-H\f1
158: Print header summary only.
159: .TP
160: \f4\-i\f1
161: Ignore interrupts.
162: See also
163: .Ev ignore
164: (\*(EV).
165: .TP
166: \f4\-I\f1
167: Include the newsgroup and article-id header lines when printing mail
168: messages.
169: This option requires the \f4\-f\f1 option to be specified.
170: .TP
171: \f4\-n\f1
172: Do not initialize from the system default
173: .I mailx.rc
174: file.
175: .TP
176: \f4\-N\f1
177: Do not print initial header summary.
178: .TP
179: \f4\-r\f2 address\f1
180: Use
181: .I address
182: as the return address when invoking the delivery program.
183: All tilde commands are disabled.
184: This option and its argument is passed to the delivery program.
185: .TP
186: \f4\-s\f2 subject\f1
187: Set the Subject header field to
188: .IR subject .
189: .TP
190: \f4\-T\f2 file\f1
191: Message-id and article-id header lines are recorded in \f2file\f1 after the
192: message is read.
193: This option will also set the \f4\-I\f1 option.
194: .TP
195: \f4\-u\f2 user\f1
196: Read
197: .IR user 's
198: \*(mx.
199: This is only effective if
200: .IR user 's
201: \*(mx is not read protected.
202: .TP
203: \f4\-U\f1
204: Convert \f4uucp\fP style addresses to internet standards.
205: Overrides the
206: .Ev conv
207: environment variable.
208: .TP
209: \f4\-V\f1
210: Print the \*(Ma version number and exit.
211: .RE
212: .PP
213: When reading mail,
214: \*(Ma is in
215: \f2command mode\f1.
216: A header summary of the first several messages is displayed,
217: followed by a prompt indicating \*(Ma can accept regular commands
218: (see \*(CM below).
219: When sending mail,
220: \*(Ma is in
221: \f2input mode\f1.
222: If no subject is specified on the command line,
223: a prompt for the subject is printed.
224: (A subject longer than 1024 characters causes \*(Ma to print the
225: message \f2mail: ERROR signal 10\fP; the mail will not be delivered.)
226: As the message is typed,
227: \*(Ma reads the message and store it in a temporary
228: file.
229: Commands may be entered by beginning a line with the tilde (~) escape
230: character followed by a single command letter and optional arguments.
231: See \*(TX for a summary of these commands.
232: .PP
233: At any time,
234: the behavior of \*(Ma is governed by a set of
235: \f2environment variables\f1.
236: These are flags and valued parameters which are set and cleared via the
237: \f4se\f1t
238: and
239: \f4uns\f1et
240: commands.
241: See \*(EV below for a summary of these parameters.
242: .PP
243: Recipients listed on the command line may be of three types:
244: login names,
245: shell commands,
246: or
247: alias groups.
248: Login names may be any network address,
249: including mixed network addressing.
250: If mail is found to be undeliverable, an attempt is
251: made to return it to the sender's \f2mailbox\f1.
252: If the recipient name begins with a pipe symbol ( | ),
253: the rest of the name is taken to be a shell command to pipe the
254: message through.
255: This provides an automatic interface with any program that reads the standard
256: input, such as
257: \f4lp\fP(1)
258: for recording outgoing mail on paper.
259: Alias groups are set by the
260: \f4a\f1lias
261: command (see \*(CM below)
262: and are lists of recipients of any type.
263: .PP
264: Regular commands are of the form
265: .PP
266: .RS
267: [
268: .I command
269: ] [
270: .I msglist
271: ] [
272: .I arguments
273: ]
274: .RE
275: .PP
276: If no command is specified in \f2command mode\f1,
277: \f4p\f1rint
278: is assumed.
279: In \f2input mode\f1,
280: commands are recognized by the escape character,
281: and lines not treated as commands are taken as input for the message.
282: .PP
283: Each message is assigned a sequential number,
284: and there is at any time the notion of a current message,
285: marked by a right angle bracket (>) in the header summary.
286: Many commands take an optional list of messages
287: (\*(ml) to operate on.
288: The default for \f2msglist\f1 is the current message.
289: A \*(ml is a list of message identifiers separated by spaces,
290: which may include:
291: .PP
292: .RS
293: .TP 8
294: \f4n\f1
295: Message number
296: \f4n\f1.
297: .TP
298: \f4\&.\f1
299: The current message.
300: .TP
301: \f4^\f1
302: The first undeleted message.
303: .TP
304: \f4$\f1
305: The last message.
306: .TP
307: \f4*\f1
308: All messages.
309: .TP
310: \f4n\-m\f1
311: An inclusive range of message numbers.
312: .TP
313: \f4user\f1
314: All messages from
315: \f4user\f1.
316: .TP
317: \f4/string\f1
318: All messages with
319: \f4string\f1
320: in the subject line (case ignored).
321: .TP
322: \f4:\f2c\f1
323: All messages of type
324: .IR c ,
325: where
326: .I c
327: is one of:
328: .RS 13
329: .TP
330: \f4d\f1
331: deleted messages
332: .TP
333: \f4n\f1
334: new messages
335: .TP
336: \f4o\f1
337: old messages
338: .TP
339: \f4r\f1
340: read messages
341: .TP
342: \f4u\f1
343: unread messages
344: .RE 0
345: .RS 13
346: Note that the context of the command determines whether this type of
347: message specification makes sense.
348: .RE
349: .PP
350: Other arguments are usually arbitrary strings whose usage
351: depends on the command involved.
352: File names,
353: where expected,
354: are expanded via the normal shell conventions [see
355: \f4sh\fP(1)].
356: Special characters are recognized by certain commands and are
357: documented with the commands below.
358: .PP
359: At start-up time,
360: \*(Ma tries to execute commands from the optional system-wide file
361: (\f4/etc/mail/mailx.rc\f1) to initialize
362: certain parameters,
363: then from a private start-up file
364: \f1(\f4$HOME/.mailrc\f1)
365: for personalized variables.
366: With the exceptions noted below,
367: regular commands are legal inside start-up files.
368: The most common use of a start-up file is
369: to set up initial display options and alias lists.
370: The following commands are not legal in the start-up file:
371: \f4!\f1,
372: \f4C\f1opy,
373: \f4e\f1dit,
374: \f4fo\f1llowup,
375: \f4F\f1ollowup,
376: \f4ho\f1ld,
377: \f4m\f1ail,
378: \f4pre\f1serve,
379: \f4r\f1eply,
380: \f4R\f1eply,
381: \f4sh\f1ell,
382: and
383: \f4v\f1isual.
384: An error in the start-up file causes the remaining lines in the file to
385: be ignored.
386: The \*(mr file is optional, and must be constructed locally.
387: .SS \*(CM
388: The following is a complete list of \*(Ma commands:
389: .PP
390: .Cm ! \*(sh
391: Escape to the shell.
392: See
393: .Ev SHELL
394: (\*(EV).
395: .Cm # "" \f2comment\f1
396: Null command (comment).
397: This may be useful in \*(mr files.
398: .Cm =
399: Print the current message number.
400: .Cm ?
401: Prints a summary of commands.
402: .Cm a lias \*(al \*(nm ...
403: .C g roup \*(al \*(nm ...
404: Declare an alias for the given names.
405: The names are substituted
406: when
407: \*(al is used as a recipient.
408: Useful in the \*(mr file.
409: .Cm alt ernates \*(nm ...
410: Declares a list of alternate names for your login.
411: When responding to a message,
412: these names are removed from the list of recipients for the response.
413: With no arguments,
414: \f4alt\f1ernates
415: prints the current list of alternate names.
416: See also
417: .Ev allnet
418: (\*(EV).
419: .Cm cd "" [\*(dr]
420: .C ch dir [\*(dr]
421: Change directory.
422: If \*(dr is not specified,
423: \f4$HOME\f1
424: is used.
425: .Cm c opy [\*(fn]
426: .C c opy \*(om \*(fn
427: Copy messages to the file without marking the messages as saved.
428: Otherwise equivalent to the
429: \f4s\f1ave
430: command.
431: .Cm C opy \*(om
432: Save the specified messages in a file whose name is derived from the
433: author of the
434: message to be saved, without marking the messages as saved.
435: Otherwise equivalent to the
436: \f4S\f1ave
437: command.
438: .Cm d elete \*(om
439: Delete messages from the \*(mx.
440: If
441: .Ev autoprint
442: is set,
443: the next message after the last one deleted is printed
444: (see \*(EV).
445: .Cm di scard [\*(hf ...]
446: .C ig nore [\*(hf ...]
447: Suppresses printing of the specified header fields when displaying messages
448: on the screen.
449: Examples of header fields to ignore are
450: \f4status\f1
451: and
452: \f4cc\f1.
453: The fields are included when the message is saved.
454: The
455: \f4P\f1rint
456: and
457: \f4T\f1ype
458: commands override this command.
459: If no header is specified, the current list of header fields being ignored
460: will be printed.
461: See also the \f4undi\f1scard and \f4unig\f1nore commands.
462: .Cm dp "" \*(om
463: .C dt "" \*(om
464: Delete the specified messages from the \*(mx and print the next message
465: after the last one deleted.
466: Roughly equivalent to a
467: \f4d\f1elete
468: command followed by a
469: \f4p\f1rint
470: command.
471: .Cm ec ho \*(st ...
472: Echo the given strings [like
473: \f4echo\fP(1)].
474: .Cm e dit \*(om
475: Edit the given messages.
476: The messages are placed in a temporary file and the
477: .Ev EDITOR
478: variable
479: is used to get the name of the editor
480: (see \*(EV).
481: Default editor is
482: \f4ed\fP(1).
483: .Cm ex it
484: .C x it
485: Exit from \*(Ma,
486: without changing the \*(mx.
487: No messages are saved in the \*(mb (see also
488: \f4q\f1uit).
489: .Cm fi le [\*(fn]
490: .C fold er [\*(fn]
491: Quit from the current file of messages and read in the specified file.
492: Several special characters are recognized when used as file names,
493: with the following substitutions:
494: .RS 10
495: .TP 10
496: \f4%\f1
497: the current \*(mx.
498: .TP
499: \f4%\f2user\f1
500: the \*(mx for
501: .IR user .
502: .TP
503: \f4#\f1
504: the previous file.
505: .TP
506: \f4&\f1
507: the current \*(mb.
508: .RE
509: .RS 5
510: Default file is the current \*(mx.
511: .RE
512: .Cm folders
513: Print the names of the files in the
514: directory set by the
515: .Ev folder
516: variable
517: (see \*(EV).
518: .Cm fo llowup [\*(ms]
519: Respond to a message,
520: recording the response in a file whose name is derived from the
521: author of the message.
522: Overrides the
523: .Ev record
524: variable, if set.
525: See also the
526: \f4F\f1ollowup,
527: \f4S\f1ave,
528: and
529: \f4C\f1opy
530: commands and
531: .Ev outfolder
532: (\*(EV).
533: .Cm F ollowup \*(om
534: Respond to the first message in the \*(ml,
535: sending the message to the author of each message in the \*(ml.
536: The subject line is taken from the first message
537: and the response is recorded in a file whose name is derived
538: from the author of the first message.
539: See also the
540: \f4fo\f1llowup,
541: \f4S\f1ave,
542: and
543: \f4C\f1opy
544: commands
545: and
546: .Ev outfolder
547: (\*(EV).
548: .Cm f rom \*(om
549: Prints the header summary for the specified messages.
550: .Cm g roup \*(al \*(nm ...
551: .C a lias \*(al \*(nm ...
552: Declare an alias for the given names.
553: The names are substituted
554: when
555: \*(al is used as a recipient.
556: Useful in the \*(mr file.
557: .Cm h eaders [\*(ms]
558: Prints the page of headers which includes the message specified.
559: The
560: .Ev screen
561: variable sets the number of headers per page
562: (see \*(EV).
563: See also the
564: \f4z\f1
565: command.
566: .Cm hel p
567: Prints a summary of commands.
568: .Cm ho ld \*(om
569: .C pre serve \*(om
570: Holds the specified messages in the \*(mx.
571: .Cm i f \f2s\f1 | \f2r\f1
572: .C "" \*(mCs
573: .C el se
574: .C "" \*(mCs
575: .C en dif
576: Conditional execution, where
577: .I s
578: executes following \*(mCs, up to an
579: \f4el\f1se
580: or
581: \f4en\f1dif,
582: if the program is in
583: .I send
584: mode, and
585: .I r
586: causes the \*(mCs to be executed only in
587: .I receive
588: mode.
589: Useful in the \*(mr file.
590: .Cm ig nore [\*(hf ...]
591: .C di scard [\*(hf ...]
592: Suppresses printing of the specified header fields when displaying messages
593: on the screen.
594: Examples of header fields to ignore are
595: \f4status\f1
596: and
597: \f4cc\f1.
598: All fields are included when the message is saved.
599: The
600: \f4P\f1rint
601: and
602: \f4T\f1ype
603: commands override this command.
604: If no header is specified, the current list of header fields being ignored
605: will be printed.
606: See also the \f4undi\f1scard and \f4unig\f1nore commands.
607: .Cm l ist
608: Prints all commands available.
609: No explanation is given.
610: .Cm m ail \*(nm ...
611: Mail a message to the specified users.
612: .Cm M ail \*(nm
613: Mail a message to the specified user and record a copy of it
614: in a file named after that user.
615: .Cm mb ox \*(om
616: Arrange for the given messages to end up in the standard \*(mb save file
617: when \*(Ma terminates normally.
618: See
619: .Ev MBOX
620: (\*(EV) for a description of this file.
621: See also the
622: \f4ex\f1it
623: and
624: \f4q\f1uit
625: commands.
626: .Cm n ext [\*(ms]
627: Go to next message matching \*(ms.
628: A \*(ml may be specified,
629: but in this case the first valid message in the list is the only one used.
630: This is useful for jumping to the next message from a specific user,
631: since the name would be taken as a command in the absence of a real command.
632: See the discussion of \*(mls above for a description of
633: possible message specifications.
634: .Cm pi pe \*(om [\*(sh]
635: .C | "" \*(om [\*(sh]
636: Pipe the message through the given \*(sh.
637: The message is treated as if it were read.
638: If no arguments are given,
639: the current message is piped through the command specified by the
640: value of the
641: .Ev cmd
642: variable.
643: If the
644: .Ev page
645: variable is set,
646: a form feed character is inserted after each message
647: (see \*(EV).
648: .Cm pre serve \*(om
649: .C ho ld \*(om
650: Preserve the specified messages in the \*(mx.
651: .Cm P rint \*(om
652: .C T ype \*(om
653: Print the specified messages on the screen,
654: including all header fields.
655: Overrides suppression of fields by the
656: \f4ig\f1nore
657: command.
658: .Cm p rint \*(om
659: .C t ype \*(om
660: Print the specified messages.
661: If
662: .Ev crt
663: is set,
664: the messages longer than the number of lines specified by the
665: .Ev crt
666: variable are paged through the command specified by the
667: .Ev PAGER
668: variable.
669: The default command is
670: \f4pg\fP(1)
671: (see \*(EV).
672: .Cm q uit
673: Exit from \*(Ma,
674: storing messages that were read in \*(mb and unread messages in the \*(mx.
675: Messages that have been explicitly saved in a file are deleted.
676: .Cm R eply \*(om
677: .C R espond \*(om
678: Send a response to the author of each message in the \*(ml.
679: The subject line is taken from the first message.
680: If
681: .Ev record
682: is set to a file name,
683: the response is saved at the end of that file (see \*(EV).
684: .Cm r eply [\*(ms]
685: .C r espond [\*(ms]
686: Reply to the specified message,
687: including all other recipients of the message.
688: If
689: .Ev record
690: is set to a file name,
691: the response is saved at the end of that file (see \*(EV).
692: .Cm S ave \*(om
693: Save the specified messages in a file whose name is derived from
694: the author of the first message.
695: The name of the file is taken to be the author's name with all
696: network addressing stripped off.
697: See also the
698: \f4C\f1opy,
699: \f4fo\f1llowup,
700: and
701: \f4F\f1ollowup
702: commands and
703: .Ev outfolder
704: (\*(EV).
705: .Cm s ave [\*(fn]
706: .C s ave \*(om \*(fn
707: Save the specified messages in the given file.
708: The file is created if it does not exist.
709: THe file defaults to \*(mb.
710: The message is deleted from the \*(mx when
711: \*(Ma terminates unless
712: .Ev keepsave
713: is set
714: (see also \*(EV and the
715: \f4ex\f1it
716: and
717: \f4q\f1uit
718: commands).
719: .Cm se t
720: .C se t \*(nm
721: .C se t \*(nm=\*(st
722: .C se t \*(nm=\*(nu
723: Define a variable called \*(nm.
724: The variable may be given a null, string, or numeric value.
725: \f4Se\f1t
726: by itself prints all defined variables and their values.
727: See \*(EV for detailed descriptions of the \*(Ma variables.
728: .Cm sh ell
729: Invoke an interactive shell [see also
730: .Ev SHELL
731: (\*(EV)].
732: .Cm si ze \*(om
733: Print the size in characters of the specified messages.
734: .Cm so urce \*(fn
735: Read commands from the given file and return to command mode.
736: .Cm to p \*(om
737: Print the top few lines of the specified messages.
738: If the
739: .Ev toplines
740: variable is set,
741: it is taken as the number of lines to print
742: (see \*(EV).
743: The default is 5.
744: .Cm tou ch \*(om
745: Touch the specified messages.
746: If any message in \*(ml is not specifically saved in a file,
747: it is placed in the \*(mb,
748: or the file specified in the
749: .Ev MBOX
750: environment variable, upon normal termination.
751: See
752: \f4ex\f1it
753: and
754: \f4q\f1uit.
755: .Cm T ype \*(om
756: .C P rint \*(om
757: Print the specified messages on the screen,
758: including all header fields.
759: Overrides suppression of fields by the
760: \f4ig\f1nore
761: command.
762: .Cm t ype \*(om
763: .C p rint \*(om
764: Print the specified messages.
765: If
766: .Ev crt
767: is set,
768: the messages longer than the number of lines specified by the
769: .Ev crt
770: variable are paged through the command specified by the
771: .Ev PAGER
772: variable.
773: The default command is
774: \f4pg\fP(1)
775: (see \*(EV).
776: .Cm u ndelete \*(om
777: Restore the specified deleted messages.
778: Will only restore messages deleted in the current mail session.
779: If
780: .Ev autoprint
781: is set, the last message of those restored is printed
782: (see \*(EV).
783: .Cm undi scard \*(hf ...
784: .C unig nore \*(hf ...
785: Remove the specified header fields from the list being ignored.
786: .Cm uns et \*(nm ...
787: Causes the specified variables to be erased.
788: If the variable was imported from the execution environment (i.e., a
789: shell variable) then it cannot be erased.
790: .Cm ve rsion
791: Prints the current version.
792: .Cm v isual \*(om
793: Edit the given messages with a screen editor.
794: The messages are placed in a temporary file and the
795: .Ev VISUAL
796: variable
797: is used to get the name of the editor
798: (see \*(EV).
799: .Cm w rite \*(om \*(fn
800: Write the given messages on the specified file,
801: minus the header and trailing blank line.
802: Otherwise equivalent to the
803: \f4s\f1ave
804: command.
805: .Cm x it
806: .C ex it
807: Exit from \*(Ma,
808: without changing the \*(mx.
809: No messages are saved in the \*(mb (see also
810: \f4q\f1uit).
811: .Cm z [+ | \-]
812: Scroll the header display forward or backward one screen\-full.
813: The number of headers displayed is set by the
814: .Ev screen
815: variable
816: (see \*(EV).
817: .SS \*(TX
818: The following commands may be entered only from
819: \f2input mode\f1,
820: by beginning a line with the tilde escape character (~).
821: See
822: .Ev escape
823: (\*(EV)
824: for changing this special character.
825: .PP
826: .Ti ! \*(sh
827: Escape to the shell.
828: .Ti .
829: Simulate end of file (terminate message input).
830: .Ti : \*(mC
831: .PD 0
832: .Ti _\ \*(mC
833: .PD
834: Perform the command-level request.
835: Valid only when sending a message while reading mail.
836: .Ti ?
837: Print a summary of tilde escapes.
838: .Ti A
839: Insert the autograph string
840: .Ev Sign
841: into the message
842: (see \*(EV).
843: .Ti a
844: Insert the autograph string
845: .Ev sign
846: into the message
847: (see \*(EV).
848: .Ti b \*(nms ...
849: Add the \*(nms to the blind carbon copy (Bcc) list.
850: .Ti c \*(nms ...
851: Add the \*(nms to the carbon copy (Cc) list.
852: .Ti d
853: Read in the \*(dl file.
854: See
855: .Ev DEAD
856: (\*(EV) for a description of this file.
857: .Ti e
858: Invoke the editor on the partial message.
859: See also
860: .Ev EDITOR
861: (\*(EV).
862: .Ti f \*(om
863: Forward the specified messages.
864: The messages are inserted into the message
865: without alteration.
866: .Ti h
867: Prompt for Subject line and To, Cc, and Bcc lists.
868: If the field is displayed with an initial value,
869: it may be edited as if you had just typed it.
870: .Ti i \*(st
871: Insert the value of the named variable into the text of the message.
872: For example,
873: \f4~A\f1
874: is equivalent to
875: \f1'\f4~i\f1\\f4Sign.'\f1
876: Environment variables set and exported in the shell are also
877: accessible by ~i.
878: .Ti m \*(om
879: Insert the specified messages into the letter,
880: shifting the new text to the right one tab stop.
881: Valid only when sending a message while reading mail.
882: .Ti p
883: Print the message being entered.
884: .Ti q
885: Quit from input mode by simulating an interrupt.
886: If the body of the message is not null,
887: the partial message is saved in \*(dl.
888: See
889: .Ev DEAD
890: (\*(EV) for a description of this file.
891: .Ti r \*(fn
892: .PD 0
893: .Ti <\ \*(fn
894: .Ti <\ !\*(sh
895: .PD
896: Read in the specified file.
897: If the argument begins with an exclamation point (!),
898: the rest of the string is taken as an arbitrary shell command
899: and is executed,
900: with the standard output inserted into the message.
901: .Ti s \*(st ...
902: Set the subject line to \*(st.
903: .Ti t \*(nms ...
904: Add the given \*(nms to the To list.
905: .Ti v
906: Invoke a preferred screen editor on the partial message.
907: See also
908: .Ev VISUAL
909: (\*(EV).
910: .Ti w \*(fn
911: Write the message into the given file,
912: without the header.
913: .Ti x
914: Exit as with
915: \f4~q\f1
916: except the message is not saved in \*(dl.
917: .Ti | \*(sh
918: Pipe the body of the message through the given \*(sh.
919: If the \*(sh returns a successful exit status,
920: the output of the command replaces the message.
921: .SS \*(EV
922: The following are environment variables taken from the execution environment and
923: are not alterable within \*(Ma.
924: .Va \s-1HOME\s+1 \*(dr
925: The user's base of operations.
926: .Va \s-1MAILRC\s+1 \*(fn
927: The name of the start-up file.
928: Default is
929: \f4$HOME/.mailrc\f1.
930: .PP
931: The following variables are internal \*(Ma variables.
932: They may be imported from the execution environment or
933: set via the
934: \f4se\f1t
935: command at any time.
936: The
937: \f4uns\f1et
938: command may be used to erase variables.
939: .PP
940: .V allnet
941: All network names whose last component (login name) match are treated as
942: identical.
943: This causes the \*(ml message specifications to behave similarly.
944: Default is
945: \f4noallnet\f1.
946: See also the
947: \f4alt\f1ernates
948: command and the
949: .Ev metoo
950: variable.
951: .V append
952: Upon termination, append messages to the end of the \*(mb file instead of prepending them.
953: Default is
954: \f4noappend.\f1
955: .V askcc
956: Prompt for the Cc list after the Subject is entered.
957: Default is
958: \f4noaskcc\f1.
959: .V askbcc
960: Prompt for the Bcc list after the Subject is entered.
961: Default is
962: \f4noaskbcc\f1.
963: .V asksub
964: Prompt for subject if it is not specified on the command line
965: with the
966: \f4\-s\f1
967: option.
968: Enabled by default.
969: .V autoprint
970: Enable automatic printing of messages after
971: \f4d\f1elete
972: and
973: \f4u\f1ndelete
974: commands.
975: Default is
976: \f4noautoprint\f1.
977: .V bang
978: Enable the special-casing of exclamation points (!) in shell escape
979: command lines
980: as in
981: \f4vi\fP(1).
982: Default is
983: \f4nobang\f1.
984: .Va cmd \*(sh
985: Set the default command for the
986: \f4pi\f1pe
987: command.
988: No default value.
989: .Va conv \f2conversion\f1
990: Convert uucp addresses to the specified
991: address style.
992: The only valid conversion now is
993: \f4internet\f1,
994: which uses domain-style addressing.
995: Conversion is disabled by default.
996: See also the
997: \f4\-U\f1
998: command-line option.
999: .Va crt \*(nu
1000: Pipe messages having more than \f2number\f1 lines
1001: through the command specified by the value of the
1002: .Ev PAGER
1003: variable
1004: .RI
1005: [\f4pg\f1(1) by default].
1006: Disabled by default.
1007: .Va DEAD \*(fn
1008: The name of the file in which to save partial letters
1009: in case of untimely interrupt.
1010: Default is
1011: \f4$HOME/dead.letter\f1.
1012: .V debug
1013: Enable verbose diagnostics for debugging.
1014: Messages are not delivered.
1015: Default is
1016: \f4nodebug\f1.
1017: .V dot
1018: Take a period on a line by itself during input from a terminal as end-of-file.
1019: Default is
1020: \f4nodot\f1.
1021: .Va EDITOR \*(sh
1022: The command to run when the
1023: \f4e\f1dit
1024: or
1025: \f4~e\f1
1026: command is used.
1027: Default is
1028: \f4ed\fP(1).
1029: .Va escape \f2c\f1
1030: Substitute
1031: .I c
1032: for the ~ escape character.
1033: Takes effect with next message sent.
1034: .Va folder \*(dr
1035: The directory for saving standard mail files.
1036: User-specified file names beginning with a plus (+)
1037: are expanded by preceding the file name with
1038: this directory name to obtain the real file name.
1039: If \*(dr does not start with a slash (/),
1040: \f4$HOME\f1
1041: is prepended to it.
1042: In order to use the plus (+) construct on a
1043: \*(Ma command line,
1044: .Ev folder
1045: must be an exported
1046: \f4sh\fP
1047: environment variable.
1048: There is no default for the
1049: .Ev folder
1050: variable.
1051: See also
1052: .Ev outfolder
1053: below.
1054: .V header
1055: Enable printing of the header summary when entering \*(Ma.
1056: Enabled by default.
1057: .V hold
1058: Preserve all messages that are read in the \*(mx instead of putting them
1059: in the standard \*(mb save file.
1060: Default is
1061: \f4nohold\f1.
1062: .V ignore
1063: Ignore interrupts while entering messages.
1064: Handy for noisy dial-up lines.
1065: Default is
1066: \f4noignore\f1.
1067: .V ignoreeof
1068: Ignore end-of-file during message input.
1069: Input must be terminated by a period (.) on a line by itself
1070: or by the
1071: \f4~.\f1
1072: command.
1073: Default is
1074: \f4noignoreeof\f1.
1075: See also
1076: .Ev dot
1077: above.
1078: .V keep
1079: When the \*(mx is empty,
1080: truncate it to zero length instead of removing it.
1081: Disabled by default.
1082: .V keepsave
1083: Keep messages that have been saved in other files in the \*(mx
1084: instead of deleting them.
1085: Default is
1086: \f4nokeepsave\f1.
1087: .Va \s-1MBOX\s+1 \*(fn
1088: The name of the file to save messages which have been read.
1089: The
1090: \f4x\f1it
1091: command overrides this function,
1092: as does saving the message explicitly in another file.
1093: Default is
1094: \f4$HOME/mbox\f1.
1095: .V metoo
1096: If your login appears as a recipient,
1097: do not delete it from the list.
1098: Default is
1099: \f4nometoo\f1.
1100: .Va \s-1LISTER\s+1 \*(sh
1101: The command (and options) to use when listing the contents of the
1102: .Ev folder
1103: directory.
1104: The default is
1105: \f4ls\fP(1).
1106: .V onehop
1107: When responding to a message that was originally sent to several
1108: recipients,
1109: the other recipient addresses are normally forced to be relative to the
1110: originating author's machine for the response.
1111: This flag disables alteration of the recipients' addresses,
1112: improving efficiency in a network where all machines can send directly
1113: to all other machines (i.e., one hop away).
1114: .V outfolder
1115: Causes the files used to record outgoing messages to be located
1116: in the directory specified by the
1117: .Ev folder
1118: variable unless the
1119: path name is absolute.
1120: Default is
1121: \f4nooutfolder\f1.
1122: See
1123: .Ev folder
1124: above and the
1125: \f4S\f1ave,
1126: \f4C\f1opy,
1127: \f4fo\f1llowup,
1128: and
1129: \f4F\f1ollowup
1130: commands.
1131: .V page
1132: Used with the
1133: \f4pi\f1pe
1134: command to insert a form feed after each message sent through the pipe.
1135: Default is
1136: \f4nopage\f1.
1137: .Va \s-1PAGER\s+1 \*(sh
1138: The command to use as a filter for paginating output.
1139: This can also be used to specify the options to be used.
1140: Default is
1141: \f4pg\fP(1).
1142: .Va prompt \*(st
1143: Set the \f2command mode\f1 prompt to \*(st.
1144: Default is
1145: \f1``\f4?\ \f1''.
1146: .V quiet
1147: Refrain from printing the opening message and version when entering \*(Ma.
1148: Default is
1149: \f4noquiet\f1.
1150: .Va record \*(fn
1151: Record all outgoing mail in \*(fn.
1152: Disabled by default.
1153: See also
1154: .Ev outfolder
1155: above.
1156: If you have the
1157: .Ev record
1158: and
1159: .Ev outfolder
1160: variables set but the
1161: .Ev folder
1162: variable not set, messages are saved in
1163: \f4+\f1\*(fn instead of \*(fn.
1164: .V save
1165: Enable saving of messages in \*(dl on interrupt or delivery error.
1166: See
1167: .Ev DEAD
1168: for a description of this file.
1169: Enabled by default.
1170: .Va screen \*(nu
1171: Sets the number of lines in a screen\-full of headers for the
1172: \f4h\f1eaders
1173: command.
1174: It must be a positive number.
1175: .Va sendmail \*(sh
1176: Alternate command for delivering messages.
1177: Default is
1178: \f4/usr/bin/rmail\f1.
1179: .V sendwait
1180: Wait for background mailer to finish before returning.
1181: Default is
1182: \f4nosendwait\f1.
1183: .Va SHELL \*(sh
1184: The name of a preferred command interpreter.
1185: Default is
1186: \f4sh\fP(1).
1187: .V showto
1188: When displaying the header summary and the message is from you,
1189: print the recipient's name instead of the author's name.
1190: .Va sign \*(st
1191: The variable inserted into the text of a message when the
1192: \f4~a\f1
1193: (autograph) command is given.
1194: No default
1195: [see also
1196: \f4~i\f1
1197: (\*(TX)].
1198: .Va Sign \*(st
1199: The variable inserted into the text of a message when the
1200: \f4~A\f1
1201: command is given.
1202: No default
1203: [see also
1204: \f4~i\f1
1205: (\*(TX)].
1206: .Va toplines \*(nu
1207: The number of lines of header to print with the
1208: \f4to\f1p
1209: command.
1210: Default is 5.
1211: .Va \s-1VISUAL\s+1 \*(sh
1212: The name of a preferred screen editor.
1213: Default is
1214: \f4vi\fP(1).
1215: .SH FILES
1216: .TS
1217: l l.
1218: \f4$HOME/.mailrc\f1 personal start-up file
1219: \f4$HOME/mbox\f1 secondary storage file
1220: \f4/var/mail/*\f1 post office directory
1221: \f4/usr/share/lib/mailx/mailx.help*\f1 help message files
1222: \f4/etc/mail/mailx.rc\f1 optional global start-up file
1223: \f4/tmp/R[emqsx]*\f1 temporary files
1224: .TE
1225: .SH SEE ALSO
1226: \f4ls\fP(1),
1227: \f4mail\fP(1),
1228: \f4pg\fP(1).
1229: .SH NOTES
1230: The \f4\-h\f1 and \f4\-r\f1 options can be used only
1231: if \*(Ma is using a delivery program other than
1232: \f4/usr/bin/rmail\f1.
1233: .PP
1234: Where \*(sh
1235: is shown as valid,
1236: arguments are not always allowed.
1237: Experimentation is recommended.
1238: .PP
1239: Internal variables imported from the execution environment cannot be
1240: \f4uns\f1et.
1241: .PP
1242: The full internet addressing is not fully supported by \*(Ma.
1243: The new standards need some time to settle down.
1244: .PP
1245: Attempts to send a message having a line consisting only of a ``.''
1246: are treated as the end of the message by \f4mail\fP(1) (the standard
1247: mail delivery program).
1248: .\" @(#)mailx.1 6.2 of 9/2/83
1249: .Ee
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