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.TH XCALC 1 "16 March 1987" "X Version 10"
.SH NAME
xcalc \- X based scientific calculator
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B xcalc
[host:display]  [-bw <pixels>] [-stip] [-rv] [-rpn] [-analog] [=geometry]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Xcalc
is a program that brings up a scientific calculator desk accessory.  The 
calculator mode should remind you more than a little bit of the TI-30 or 
HP-10C.
.SH OPTIONS
.PP
.TP 14
.B \-bw
The border width in pixels
.PP
.TP 14
.B \-stip
Sets the 'stipple' option.  See 'defaults'.
.PP
.TP 14
.B \-rv
Reverse video (on monochrom displays).
.PP
.TP 14
.B \-rpn
Specifies Reverse Polish Notation mode, in which the calculator behaves like 
an HP-10 calculator.  Without this flag, it will behave like a TI-30 
calculator.
.PP
.TP 14
.B \-analog
For backwards compatability.  Try it.
.PP
.TP 14
.B \=geometry
The width and height shouldn't be set by the user, as the default size is also
the minimum size, and anything larger than that won't be 'right'.  You can, 
however feel free to set the position.
.PP
.TP 14
.B \fIhost\fP:\fIdisplay\fP
Normally,
.I xcalc
gets  the host and display number to use from the environment variable
``DISPLAY''.  One can, however specify them explicitly.
The
.I host
specifies which machine to create the
.I xcalc
window on, and
the
.I display
argument specifies the display number.
.SH OPERATION
.PP
.I Mouse Operation:
The left button is the only one (really) used to operate the calculator.
Pressing the AC key with the right button terminates the calculator.
.PP
.I Key Usage (Normal mode):
The number keys, the +/- key, and the +, -, *, /, and = keys all do exactly 
what you would expect them to.  It should be noted that the operators obey
the standard rules of precedence.  Thus, entering "3+4*5=" results in "23",
not "35".  The parentheses can be used to override this.  For example, 
"(1+2+3)*(4+5+6)=" results in "6*15=90".  The non-obvious keys are detailed
below.
.PP
.B 1/x
replaces the number in the display with its reciprocal.
.PP
.B x^2
squares the number in the display.
.PP
.B SQRT
takes the square root of the number in the display.
.PP
.B CE/C
when pressed once, clears the number in the display without clearing the state
of the machine.  Allows you to re-enter a number if you screw it up.  
Pressing it twice clears the state, also.
.PP
.B AC
clears everything, the display, the state, the memory, everything.  Pressing
it with the right button 'turns off' the calculator, in that it exits the
program.  Somewhat more equivalent to throwing the calculator in the trash,
if we were to pursue the analogy.
.PP
.B INV
inverts the meaning of the function keys.  See the individual function keys
for details.
.PP
.B sin
computes the sine of the number in the display, as interpreted by the current
DRG mode (see DRG, below).  If inverted, computes the arcsine.
.PP
.B cos
computes the cosine, or arccosine when inverted.
.PP
.B tan
computes the tangent, or arctangent when inverted.
.PP
.B DRG
changes the DRG mode, as indicated by 'DEG', 'RAD', or 'GRAD' at the bottom of
the display.  When in 'DEG' mode, numbers in the display are taken as being
degrees.  In 'RAD' mode, numbers are in radians, and in 'GRAD' mode, numbers
are in gradians.  When inverted, the DRG key has the nifty feature of 
converting degrees to radians to gradians and vice-versa.  Example:  put the 
calculator into 'DEG' mode, and type "45 INV DRG".  The display should now
show something along the lines of ".785398", which is 45 degrees converted to
radians.
.PP
.B e
the constant 'e'.  (2.7182818...)
.PP
.B EE
used for entering exponential numbers.  For example, to enter "-2.3E-4" you'd
type "2 . 3 +/- EE 4 +/-"
.PP
.B log
calculates the log (base 10) of the number in the display.  When inverted,
raises "10.0" to the number in the display.  For example, typing "3 INV log"
should result in "1000".
.PP
.B ln
calcuates the log (base e) of the number in the display.  When inverted, 
raises "e" to the number in the display.  For example, typing "e ln" should
result in "1"
.PP
.B y^x
raises the number on the left to the power of the number on the right.  For 
example "2 y^x 3 =" results in "8", which is 2^3.  For a further example,
"(1+2+3) y^x (1+2) =" equals "6 y^x 3" which equals "216".
.PP
.B PI
the constant 'pi'.  (3.1415927....)
.PP
.B x!
computes the factorial of the number in the display.  The number in the display
must be an integer in the range 0-500, though, depending on your math library,
it might overflow long before that.
.PP
.B STO
copies the number in the display to the memory location.
.PP
.B RCL
copies the number from the memory location to the display.
.PP
.B SUM
adds the number in the display to the number in the memory location.
.PP
.B EXC
swaps the number in the display with the number in the memory location.
.PP
.I Key Usage (RPN mode):
The number keys, CHS (change sign), +, -, *, /, and ENTR keys all do exactly 
what you would expect them to.  Many of the remaining keys are the same as in
normal mode.  The differences are detailed below.
.PP
.B <-
is a backspace key that can be used while typing a number.  It will erase
digits from the display.
.PP
.B ON
clears everything, the display, the state, the memory, everything.  Pressing
it with the right button 'turns off' the calculator, in that it exits the
program.  Somewhat more equivalent to throwing the calculator in the trash,
if we were to pursue the analogy.
.PP
.B INV
inverts the meaning of the function keys.  This would be the  "f" key
on an HP calculator, but xcalc does not have the resolution to display
multiple legends on each key.  See the individual function keys
for details.
.PP
.B 10^x
raises "10.0" to the number in the top of the stack.  When inverted, calculates
the log (base 10) of the number in the display.
.PP
.B e^x
raises "e" to the number in the top of the stack.  When inverted, calcuates the
log (base e) of the number in the display.  
.PP
.B STO
copies the number in the top of the stack to a memory location.  There are 10
memory locations.  The desired memory is specified by following this
key with pressing a digit key.
.PP
.B RCL
pushes the number from the specified memory location onto the stack.
.PP
.B SUM
adds the number on top of the stack to the number in the specified
memory location.
.PP
.B x:y
exchanges the numbers in the top two stack positions.
.PP
.B R v
rolls the stack downward.  When inverted, rolls the stack upward.
.PP
.I blank
these keys were used for programming functions on the HP11-C.  Their
functionality has not been duplicated here.
.PP
.SH KEYBOARD EQUIVALENTS
If you have the mouse in the xcalc window, you can use the keyboard to speed
entry, as almost all of the calculator keys have a keyboard equivalent.  The
number keys, the operator keys, and the parentheses all have the obvious
equivalent.  The less-obvious equivalents are as follows:
.PP
.EX
n:  +/-            !:  x!
p:  PI             e:  EE
l:  ln             ^:  y^x
i:  INV            s:  sin
c:  cos            t:  tan
d:  DRG      BS, DEL:  CE/C ("<-" in RPN mode)
CR: ENTR           

.SH COLOR USAGE
.I Xcalc
uses a lot of colors, given the opportunity.  In the default case, it will 
just use two colors (Foreground and Background) for everything.  This works out
nicely.  However, if you're a color fanatic you can specify the colors used 
for the number keys, the operator (+-*/=) keys, the function keys, the display,
and the icon.
.SH X DEFAULTS
.PP
.TP 8
.B BorderWidth
width of border.  Default is '2'.
.PP
.TP 8
.B ReverseVideo
reverses colors on monochrome displays
.PP
.TP 8
.B Stipple
makes the calculator background a 50% stipple.  Default is 'on' on 
monochrome displays, 'off' on color displays.  
.PP
.TP 8
.B Mode
sets the default mode.  Values are "rpn", "analog".
.PP
.TP 8
.B Foreground
the default color used for borders and text.
.PP
.TP 8
.B Background
the default color used for the background.
.B NKeyFore, NKeyBack
the colors used for the number keys.
.PP
.TP 8
.B OKeyFore, OKeyBack
the colors used for the operator keys.
.PP
.TP 8
.B FKeyFore, FKeyBack
the colors used for the function keys.
.B DispFore, DispBack
the colors used for the display.
.B IconFore, IconBack
the colors used for the icon.
.SH SAMPLE .XDEFAULTS ENTRY
If you're running on a monochrome display, you shouldn't need any .Xdefaults
entries for xcalc.  On a color display, you might want to try the
following in normal mode:

.EX
xcalc.Foreground:               Black
xcalc.Background:               LightSteelBlue
xcalc.NKeyFore:                 Black
xcalc.NKeyBack:                 White
xcalc.OKeyFore:                 Aquamarine
xcalc.OKeyBack:                 DarkSlateGray
xcalc.FKeyFore:                 White
xcalc.FKeyBack:                 #900
xcalc.DispFore:                 Yellow
xcalc.DispBack:                 #777
xcalc.IconFore:                 Red
xcalc.IconBack:                 White

<well, *I* like them.>
.SH BUGS
Well, it would be really nice if you could (usefully) rescale the calculator,
and the redraw of the keys is sort of slow.  Nothing fatal though, I think.

The analog mode stuff isn't really working yet under X11.
.SH AUTHOR
John Bradley, University of Pennsylvania

([email protected])

RPN and analog modes added by Mark Rosenstein, MIT Project Athena

<[email protected]>

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