% UCI Dissertation Style for AmSTeX.
% Tim Morgan with many suggestions, bug fixes, etc, from Marshall Rose
% Based originally on Michael Spivak's AMSPPT.STY.

% When edits are made to this file, the version number should be incremented.
\def\version{98}

% Assumes the following hidden definitions from plain.tex:
%	\z@ is defined from plain.tex as 0pt (and magically can
%		be used as the integer constant 0 also).
%	\p@ is the same, but 1pt
%	\@ne is 1
%	\m@ne is -1
%	\tw@ is 2
%	\thr@@ is 3
%	\@m is 1000
%	\@M is 10000
% And the following scratch register definitions:
%	\dimen@ is \dimendef'd to be \dimen0
%	\skip@  is \skipdef'd to be \skip0
%	\count@ is \count255

\catcode`\@=11		     % So we can use a special character


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  PARAMETERS DIFFERENT THAN IN PLAIN  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% These are words which TeX doesn't hyphenate perfectly.
% Unfortunately, the plural forms must be included also.
\hyphenation{com-put-er com-mun ap-pen-dix cart-wheel data-base Dijk-stra}
\hyphenation{in-fra-struc-ture man-u-script mi-cro-fiche para-mil-i-tary}
\hyphenation{post-am-ble pre-am-ble sub-scrib-er wave-guide sub-scrib-ers}
\hyphenation{com-put-ers cart-wheels data-bases in-fra-struc-tures}
\hyphenation{man-u-scripts mi-cro-fiches post-am-bles pre-am-bles}


\def\normal@topskip{0.48cm}
\topskip=\normal@topskip     % For correct page positioning, do NOT
\hoffset=0.5in		     % change any of these values!!!
\voffset=0.07cm
\hsize=15.2cm
\vsize=22.2cm

\normallineskiplimit=\p@     % Min. dist. btw. lines.
\parindent=1cm		     % Normal indentation.
\hfuzz=0.145\p@		     % So we hear fewer complaints; this value is ok
\vfuzz=0.145\p@		     % at 240 dpi.

\pretolerance=200	     % At 12pt, these margins are kind of narrow
\tolerance=300		     % so we have to be more tolerant.
\clubpenalty=\@M	     % Never allow these.
\widowpenalty=\@M
\newlinechar=`\^^J	     % For writing output to tty.
\uchyph=\z@		     % Don't take any chances.
\brokenpenalty=\@M	     % Never hyphenate last line on a page.


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  PARAMETERS DIFFERENT from AMSTEX  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\TagsOnRight		     % Set tags like a sane person does


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  EXTRA FONTS NEEDED  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newif\ifolddigits
\olddigitsfalse			% Allow use of amcscod10 for citations
\def\useolddigits{%
    \olddigitstrue
    \oktell{Using Old Digits}%
}

\font\sixrm=amr6 \font\sixbf=ambx6
\font\sixi=ammi6 \skewchar\sixi='177
\font\sixsy=amsy6 \skewchar\sixsy='60

\font\eightrm=amr8 \font\eightsl=amsl8 \font\eightit=amti8
\font\eightsy=amsy8 \skewchar\eightsy='60
\skewchar\eightsy='60 \font\eightbf=ambx8
\font\eightex=amex10 at 8\p@
\font\eighti=ammi8 \skewchar\eighti='177

\font\ninerm=amr9  \font\nineit=amti9
\font\ninei=ammi9   \skewchar\ninei='177
\font\ninesy=amsy9 \skewchar\ninesy='60
\font\ninesl=amsl9 \font\ninebf=ambx9

\font\twelvecsc=amcsc10 scaled \magstep1
\font\tencsc=amcsc10
\font\eightcsc=amcsc10 at 8\p@
\font\elevencsc=amcsc10 scaled \magstephalf
\font\ninecsc=amcsc10 at 9\p@

\font\tencscod=amcscod10
\font\eightcscod=amcscod10 at 8\p@

\font\eightsf=amss10 at 8\p@
\font\tensf=amss10
\font\twelvesf=amss10 at 12\p@

\font\twelvett=amtt10 scaled \magstep1
\font\eighttt=amtt10 at 8\p@	% \tentt is predefined in plain.tex

\font\twelvebti=cmbti at 12\p@
\font\tenbti=cmbti
\font\eightbti=cmbti at 8\p@

\font\twelveex=amex10 scaled \magstep1 \font\twelverm=amr10 scaled \magstep1
\font\twelvesl=amsl10 scaled \magstep1 \font\twelvebf=ambx10 scaled \magstep1
\font\twelvei=ammi10 scaled \magstep1  \skewchar\twelvei='177
\font\twelvesy=amsy10 scaled \magstep1 \skewchar\twelvesy='60
\font\twelveit=amti10 scaled \magstep1

\font\twelvechap@font=amssbx10 at 14\p@
\font\twelvesec@font=amss10 at 13\p@
\font\twelvesubsec@font=amssi10 scaled \magstep1

\font\tenchap@font=amssbx10 scaled \magstep1
\font\tensec@font=amssbx10 scaled \magstephalf
\font\tensubsec@font=amssi10

\font\eightchap@font=amssbx10
\font\eightsec@font=amss10 at 9\p@
\font\eightsubsec@font=amssqi8

% Font selection
\newcount\font@no
\def\curfont{\ifcase\font@no\rm\or\it\or\sl\or\bf\or\tt\or\csc\or\bti\or\sf
	\else\errmessage{Internal font confusion}\fi}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  SPACING CONTROL  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newskip\normalabovedisplayskip
\newskip\normalbelowdisplayskip
\newskip\normalabovedisplayshortskip
\newskip\normalbelowdisplayshortskip
\newdimen\normalparskip \normalparskip=22.5\p@
\newdimen\parstretch	\parstretch=8\p@

\newif\ifsinglespacing	% Tells if we are currently in single space mode
\newif\ifhalfspacing	% Special version of singlespacing, a little bigger.

% Actually tell TeX what spacing is wanted
\def\setbaselines{%
    \baselineskip=\normalbaselineskip
    \abovedisplayskip=\normalabovedisplayskip
    \belowdisplayskip=\normalbelowdisplayskip
    \abovedisplayshortskip=\normalabovedisplayshortskip
    \belowdisplayshortskip=\normalbelowdisplayshortskip
    % Compute \parskip for even paragraph spacing at all pt sizes
    \dimen@=\normalparskip
    \advance\dimen@ by -\normalbaselineskip
    \parskip=\dimen@ plus\parstretch
}

% Go from double to single spacing
\def\reducespacing{%
    \normalbaselineskip=0.64\normalbaselineskip
    \normalabovedisplayskip=0.64\normalabovedisplayskip
    \normalbelowdisplayskip=0.64\normalbelowdisplayskip
    \normalabovedisplayshortskip=0.64\normalabovedisplayshortskip
    \normalbelowdisplayshortskip=0.64\normalbelowdisplayshortskip
}

% Set halfspacing baseline etc starting from singlespacing mode
\def\sethalfspacing{%
	\normalbaselineskip=1.28125\normalbaselineskip
	\abovedisplayskip=1.28125\abovedisplayskip
	\belowdisplayskip=1.28125\belowdisplayskip
	\abovedisplayshortskip=1.28125\abovedisplayshortskip
	\belowdisplayshortskip=1.28125\belowdisplayshortskip
}

% Go to single spacing if we're not there already
\def\singlespace{%
    \normalspacing \reducespacing
    \halfspacingfalse \singlespacingtrue
    \setbaselines
}

% Go to 1-1/2 spacing.
\def\halfspace{%
    \normalspacing \reducespacing \sethalfspacing
    \singlespacingtrue \halfspacingtrue
    \setbaselines
}

% Go to normal, doublespacing mode
\def\doublespace{%
    \normalspacing
    \singlespacingfalse \halfspacingfalse
    \setbaselines
}

% Make sure we're doing the spacing we're supposed to be.
\def\setspacing{%
  \normalspacing
  \ifsinglespacing
	\reducespacing
	\ifhalfspacing \sethalfspacing \fi
  \fi
  \setbaselines
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  FOUR DIFFERENT POINT SIZES  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\twelvepoint{%
  \def\big@@AmS{10.2\p@}%
  \def\Big@@AmS{13.8\p@}%
  \def\bigg@@AmS{17.4\p@}%
  \def\Bigg@@AmS{21.0\p@}%
  \let\smallertype=\tenpoint
  \let\curtype=\twelvepoint
  \def\biggertype{\errmessage{No larger point size available}}%
  \def\normalspacing{%
    \normalbaselineskip=22.8\p@
    \normalabovedisplayskip=14.5\p@ plus 3\p@ minus 9\p@
    \normalbelowdisplayskip=14.5\p@ plus 3\p@ minus 9\p@
    \normalabovedisplayshortskip=\z@ plus 4\p@
    \normalbelowdisplayshortskip=9\p@ plus 4\p@ minus 5\p@
  }%
  \def\rm{\font@no=0\fam\z@\twelverm}%
  \def\it{\font@no=1\fam\itfam\twelveit}%
  \def\sl{\font@no=2\fam\slfam\twelvesl}%
  \def\bf{\font@no=3\fam\bffam\twelvebf}%
  \def\tt{\font@no=4\fam\ttfam\twelvett \spaceskip.5em plus.25em
	minus.15em }%
  \def\csc{\font@no=5\twelvecsc}%
  \def\bti{\font@no=6\twelvebti}%
  \def\sf{\font@no=7\twelvesf}%
  \let\sc=\csc
  \ifolddigits
	\let\cite@font=\tencscod
  \else
	\let\cite@font=\elevencsc
  \fi
  \textfont\z@=\twelverm \scriptfont\z@=\ninerm   \scriptscriptfont\z@=\sixrm
  \textfont\@ne=\twelvei \scriptfont\@ne=\ninei   \scriptscriptfont\@ne=\sixi
  \textfont\tw@=\twelvesy \scriptfont\tw@=\ninesy \scriptscriptfont\tw@=\sixsy
  \textfont\thr@@=\twelveex \scriptfont\thr@@=\twelveex
	\scriptscriptfont\thr@@=\twelveex
  \textfont\itfam=\twelveit
  \textfont\slfam=\twelvesl
  \textfont\ttfam=\twelvett
  \textfont\bffam=\twelvebf \scriptfont\bffam=\ninebf
	\scriptscriptfont\bffam=\sixbf
  \let\chap@font=\twelvechap@font
  \let\sec@font=\twelvesec@font
  \let\subsec@font=\twelvesubsec@font
  \def\oldstyle{\fam1\twelvei}%
  \setspacing
  \curfont
  \ifundefined{everypointsize}\else\everypointsize{twelve}{12}\fi
}

\def\tenpoint{%
  \def\big@@AmS{8.5\p@}%
  \def\Big@@AmS{11.5\p@}%
  \def\bigg@@AmS{14.5\p@}%
  \def\Bigg@@AmS{17.5\p@}%
  \let\smallertype=\eightpoint
  \let\curtype=\tenpoint
  \let\biggertype=\twelvepoint
  \def\normalspacing{%
    \normalbaselineskip=18.9\p@
    \normalabovedisplayskip=12\p@ plus 3\p@ minus 9\p@
    \normalbelowdisplayskip=12\p@ plus 3\p@ minus 9\p@
    \normalabovedisplayshortskip=\z@ plus 3\p@
    \normalbelowdisplayshortskip=7\p@ plus 3\p@ minus 4\p@
  }%
  \def\rm{\font@no=0\fam\z@\tenrm}%
  \def\it{\font@no=1\fam\itfam\tenit}%
  \def\sl{\font@no=2\fam\slfam\tensl}%
  \def\bf{\font@no=3\fam\bffam\tenbf}%
  \def\tt{\font@no=4\fam\ttfam\tentt \spaceskip.5em plus.25em
	minus.15em }%
  \def\csc{\font@no=5\tencsc}
  \def\bti{\font@no=6\tenbti}%
  \def\sf{\font@no=7\tensf}%
  \let\sc=\csc
  \ifolddigits
	\let\cite@font=\eightcscod
  \else
	\let\cite@font=\ninecsc
  \fi
  \textfont\z@=\tenrm \scriptfont\z@=\sevenrm \scriptscriptfont\z@=\fiverm
  \textfont\@ne=\teni \scriptfont\@ne=\seveni \scriptscriptfont\@ne=\fivei
  \textfont\tw@=\tensy \scriptfont\tw@=\sevensy \scriptscriptfont\tw@=\fivesy
  \textfont\thr@@=\tenex \scriptfont\thr@@=\tenex
	\scriptscriptfont\thr@@=\tenex
  \textfont\itfam=\tenit
  \textfont\slfam=\tensl
  \textfont\ttfam=\tentt
  \textfont\bffam=\tenbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sevenbf
	\scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
  \let\chap@font=\tenchap@font
  \let\sec@font=\tensec@font
  \let\subsec@font=\tensubsec@font
  \def\oldstyle{\fam1\teni}%
  \setspacing
  \curfont
  \ifundefined{everypointsize}\else\everypointsize{ten}{10}\fi
}

\def\eightpoint{%
  \def\big@@AmS{6.8\p@}%
  \def\Big@@AmS{9.2\p@}%
  \def\bigg@@AmS{11.6\p@}%
  \def\Bigg@@AmS{14.0\p@}%
  \def\smallertype{\errmessage{No smaller point size available}}%
  \let\curtype=\eightpoint
  \let\biggertype=\tenpoint
  \def\normalspacing{%
    \normalbaselineskip=15\p@
    \normalabovedisplayskip=10\p@ plus 2.4\p@ minus 7.2\p@
    \normalbelowdisplayskip=10\p@ plus 2.4\p@ minus 7.2\p@
    \normalabovedisplayshortskip=\z@ plus 2.4\p@
    \normalbelowdisplayshortskip=55.6\p@ plus 2.4\p@ minus 3.2\p@
  }%
  \def\rm{\font@no=0\fam\z@\eightrm}%
  \def\it{\font@no=1\fam\itfam\eightit}%
  \def\sl{\font@no=2\fam\slfam\eightsl}%
  \def\bf{\font@no=3\fam\bffam\eightbf}%
  \def\tt{\font@no=4\fam\ttfam\eighttt \spaceskip.5em plus.25em
	minus.15em }%
  \def\csc{\font@no=5\eightcsc}%
  \def\bti{\font@no=6\eightbti}%
  \def\sf{\font@no=7\eightsf}%
  \let\sc=\csc
  \def\cite@font{\errmessage{You may not do citations in 8 point}}
  \textfont\z@=\eightrm \scriptfont\z@=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont\z@=\fiverm
  \textfont\@ne=\eighti \scriptfont\@ne=\sixi \scriptscriptfont\@ne=\fivei
  \textfont\tw@=\eightsy \scriptfont\tw@=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont\tw@=\fivesy
  \textfont\thr@@=\eightex \scriptfont\thr@@=\eightex
	\scriptscriptfont\thr@@=\eightex
  \textfont\itfam=\eightit
  \textfont\slfam=\eightsl
  \textfont\ttfam=\eighttt
  \textfont\bffam=\eightbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf
	\scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
  \let\chap@font=\eightchap@font
  \let\sec@font=\eightsec@font
  \let\subsec@font=\eightsubsec@font
  \def\oldstyle{\fam1\eighti}%
  \setspacing
  \curfont
  \ifundefined{everypointsize}\else\everypointsize{eight}{10}\fi
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  TABLE of CONTENTS Macros  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% This set of macros allows you to build a table of contents for a document
% automatically in TeX.  There are only three control sequences which you
% will need to use.  The first is \inicont, which initializes the macros.
% This package works by writing the appropriate lines into a file called
% CONTENTS.tex in your account.  This file is read by \printcontents or
% by \printcont in PRINT-PRELIM.TEX.
%
\newwrite\cont@file			% Get a free channel to write to
\newif\ifcont@closed
\cont@closedtrue			% Haven't opened contents file yet
\newwrite\fig@file
\newwrite\tab@file
\newif\iffig@closed
\fig@closedtrue				% Or the list of figures file
\newif\iftab@closed
\tab@closedtrue				% Or the tables file

\def\contitle{CONTENTS}			% Default name of contents file
\let\contfile=\contitle
\def\figtitle{FIGURES}			%  ditto for figures file
\let\figfile=\figtitle
\def\tabtitle{TABLES}			%  ditto for tables file
\let\tabfile=\tabtitle

%
% This control sequence adds its argument to the table of contents.
%
\def\content#1{%
    \ifcont@closed
	\immediate\openout\cont@file=\contfile
	\cont@closedfalse
    \fi
    \let\\=\space
    \write\cont@file{\string\Z{#1}{\the\pageno}}%
}

%
% This control sequence is the same as \content except that the first
% box written will have two leading spaces to indent it.
%
\def\subcontent#1{%
    \ifcont@closed
	\immediate\openout\cont@file=\contfile
	\cont@closedfalse
    \fi
    \let\\=\space
    \write\cont@file{\string\Z{\string\hskip \parindent{}#1}{\the\pageno}}%
}

% And the same thing for sub-sections
\def\subsubcontent#1{%
    \ifcont@closed
	\immediate\openout\cont@file=\contfile
	\cont@closedfalse
    \fi
    \let\\=\space
    \write\cont@file{\string\Z{\string\hskip 2\parindent{}#1}{\the\pageno}}%
}

% And the same thing for sub-sub-sections
\def\subsubsubcontent#1{%
    \ifcont@closed
	\immediate\openout\cont@file=\contfile
	\cont@closedfalse
    \fi
    \let\\=\space
    \write\cont@file{\string\Z{\string\hskip 3\parindent{}#1}{\the\pageno}}%
}

% Simple table-of-contents printer for \articlestyle.
% For dissertations, use the one in print-prelim.tex.
% Use this macro as the last thing in your report, since it makes
% the page numbers be in romannumerals at the bottom of the page.
\def\printcontents{%
    \closeout \cont@file
    \null\vfill\supereject	% Close output, end last page
    \twelvepoint\rm	% Make sure we're in normal mode
    \pageno=\m@ne	% Contents get roman numerals.
    \plain@page@numbers	% Put page #s at bottom only
    \oktell{Table of Contents}
    \null \vskip .8in minus\baselineskip
    \centerline{\chap@font Contents}
    \vskip \tw@\baselineskip
    \rightline{Page}
    \begingroup  % Temporarily change \baselineskip to avoid
		 % underfull \vbox's during output errors.
	\baselineskip=\@ne\baselineskip plus .05\baselineskip
	\def\Z##1##2{\line{\ignorespaces##1\leaders
	    \hbox to.7em{.\hfil}\hfil\hbox to2em{\hss##2}}}
	\catcode`@=11
	\let\\=\space
	\input\contfile	\relax
    \endgroup	% Also undoes the \catcode change
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  NUMBERED FOOTNOTES  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% First, modify \vfootnote from Plain to use smallertype and singlespace
\def\vfootnote#1{%
    \insert\footins\bgroup\tenpoint\singlespace
    \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
    \splittopskip\ht\strutbox % top baseline for broken footnotes
    \splitmaxdepth\dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty\@MM
    \leftskip\z@skip \rightskip\z@skip \spaceskip\z@skip \xspaceskip\z@skip
    \parindent=.13in
    \textindent{#1}\footstrut\futurelet\next\fo@t
}

% Allocate a counter for the numbered footnotes
\newcount\note@count \note@count=\@ne

\def\nfootnote#1{%
    \unskip\footnote{$^{\number\note@count}$}{#1}%
    \global\advance\note@count by\@ne
}

% Same except that trailing period or comma is ``tucked'' under
% the note mark.  \ntucknote provides auto numbering.
\def\ntucknote#1#2{\nfootnote{#1}\llap{#2}}
\def\tucknote#1#2#3{\footnote{#1}{#2}\llap{#3}}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  UTILITY MACROS  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Insert a discretionary hyphen.  For use in restricted
% horizontal mode, as in the bibliography.
\def\hyphenbreak{\discretionary{-}{}{-}}

% Check if a macro name is currently undefined (from The TeXbook)
\def\ifundefined#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax}

% Terminal input and output routines and auxilary stuff
\newwrite\undef@out@chan	% Allocate a channel for the tty
\def\tell#1{{\let\\=\space\immediate\write\undef@out@chan{#1}}}
\def\ask#1{\read-16 to #1}	% Read from tty w/o prompt

% Sanitize a string before \write'ing it.
% Call with \unexpanded{op}{msg}
% Modified from version in The TeXbook, originally by Todd Allen
\long\def\unexpanded#1#2{%
    \def\finwrite{#1}%
    {\aftergroup\finwrite\aftergroup{\sanitize@uci#2\endsanity@uci}}%
}
\def\sanitize@uci{\futurelet\next@uci\sanswitch@uci}
\def\sanswitch@uci{\ifx\next@uci\endsanity@uci
     \else\ifx\next@uci\\\aftergroup\space\let\next@uci=\eat@uci
     \else\ifcat\noexpand\next@uci\space\aftergroup\space\let\next@uci=\eat@uci
     \else\ifcat\noexpand\next@uci\bgroup\aftergroup{\let\next@uci=\eat@uci
     \else\ifcat\noexpand\next@uci\egroup\aftergroup}\let\next@uci=\eat@uci
     \else\let\next@uci=\copytoken@uci\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi \next@uci
}
\def\eat@uci{\afterassignment\sanitize@uci \let\next@uci= }
\long\def\copytoken@uci#1{%
    \ifcat\noexpand#1\relax\aftergroup\noexpand
	\else\ifcat\noexpand#1\noexpand~\aftergroup\noexpand
	\fi
    \fi
    \aftergroup#1\sanitize@uci
}
\def\endsanity@uci\endsanity@uci{}

% Now use the sanity stuff to make a sane tell command.  This macro
% actually takes one argument, but since it's the last for \unexpanded,
% we avoid scanning it twice by not picking it up here.
\def\sanetell{\unexpanded{\immediate\write\undef@out@chan}}

% Produce verbatim listings of various sorts

\def\uncatcodespecials{\def\do##1{\catcode`##1=12 } \dospecials}
\def\setupverbatim{%
    \par \tt \spaceskip=\z@	% Want fixed tt spacing now
    \obeylines \uncatcodespecials \obeyspaces \verbatimdefs
}

% This macro turns on verbatim mode until ?endverbatim is seen.
\def\verbatim{%
    \begingroup \setupverbatim
    \parskip=\z@ plus .05\baselineskip \parindent=\z@
    \catcode`\ =13 \catcode`\^^M=13 \catcode`\?=\z@
    \verbatimgobble
}
{\catcode`\^^M=13{\catcode`\ =13\gdef\verbatimdefs{\def^^M{\ \par}\let =\ }}
  \gdef\verbatimgobble#1^^M{}%
}

% This defines ?endverbatim to end the group which begins with \verbatim
\let\endverbatim=\endgroup

% Input a file in verbatim mode.  Sometimes useful for including
% real-life examples into a paper.
\def\verbfile#1{%
    \begingroup\setupverbatim
    \parskip=\z@ plus .05\baselineskip \parindent=\z@
    \input#1 \endgroup
}

% This is the same as the above, but it adds line numbers to each
% line of the file printed.  \lineno@uci has the obvious use.
\newcount\lineno@uci
\def\listing#1{%
  \lineno@uci=\z@
  \begingroup\setupverbatim
    \parskip=\z@ plus .05\baselineskip \parindent=20\p@
    \everypar{\advance\lineno@uci by\@ne \llap{\the\lineno@uci\ \ }}%
    \input#1
  \endgroup
}

% Draw a little qed symbol (black box)
\def\qed{\hbox{\hskip\p@ \vrule width4\p@ height6\p@ depth1.5\p@ \hskip\p@}}

% Conditions -- from AmSppt
\newif\ifrunin@AmS
\runin@AmSfalse
\let\runin=\runin@AmStrue
\newdimen\cond@dimen

% This is used in \conditions
\def\firstcon@AmS#1:{%
    \ifrunin@AmS
	{\rm\ignorespaces#1\unskip}\ignorespaces
    \else
	\par
	\ifdim\lastskip<\smallskipamount
	    \removelastskip \penalty55 \smallskip
	\fi
	\\#1:%
    \fi
}

% Do one item of the conditions.  This is really \\ in disguise.
\def\cond@item#1:{%
    \par\noindent
    \hbox to \cond@dimen{\hfil\rm\ignorespaces#1\unskip\quad}%
    \hangafter1
    \hangindent\cond@dimen\ignorespaces
}

% Do the main stuff for \conditions.
\def\conditions{%
    \cond@dimen=\parindent
    \advance\cond@dimen by 1em
    \let\\=\cond@item
    \firstcon@AmS
}

% Exit special stuff for \conditions.
\def\endconditions{\par\smallbreak\runin@AmSfalse}

% Automatically numbered items
\newcount\item@count
\newdimen\item@dimen  \item@dimen=\z@
\def\item@prefix{}
\def\beginitems{%
    \begingroup
	\advance \parindent by\item@dimen
	\ifnum\item@dimen>\z@
	    \edef\item@prefix{\item@prefix\number\item@count.}
	\else
	    \item@dimen=1cm
	\fi
        \item@count=\z@ \singlespace \interlinepenalty=200
}
\def\enditems{\par\endgroup}
\def\nitem{\advance\item@count by\@ne \item{\item@prefix\number\item@count.}}

% Turn back on the \+ construct of plain TeX.
\def\tabalign{\us@true\m@ketabbox}
\outer\def\+{\tabalign}

% Fix AmSTeX's definition used in its definition of ~ (tie).
\def\s@AmS{\penalty\@M\ifx\tok@AmS\Space@AmS\else\ \fi}

% And make \/ work the way it does in plain.tex
\let\/=\ic@AmS

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  PAGE CONTROL and OBJECT MANIPULATION  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% This definition doesn't blow up if you're in vertical mode already
\def\pagebreak{\ifhmode\vadjust{\break}\else\break\relax}

% This definition clears out all previous inserts etc to
% guarantee that the following stuff is at the top of a page.
\def\clearpage{\vfill\supereject}

% This macro keeps the stuff in the argument on the same page, leaving
% blank space on this page if necessary
\def\keep{\par\setbox\z@=\vbox\bgroup}
\def\endkeep{%
    \egroup
    \dimen@=\ht\z@
    \advance\dimen@ by\dp\z@
    \vskip\z@ plus\dimen@
    \penalty\z@
    \vskip\z@ plus-\dimen@
    \vskip\parskip
    \box\z@
    \goodbreak
}
\def\filkeep{%
    \egroup
    \filbreak
    \vskip\parskip
    \box\z@
    \goodbreak
}

% List macros from the TeXbook

\toksdef\ta=\z@ \toksdef\tb=\tw@
\newif\ifresult@uci

% usage: \newlist\list
\def\newlist#1{\let#1=\empty}

% usage: \append{item}\to\list
\def\append#1\to#2{\ta={\\{#1}}\tb=\expandafter{#2}\edef#2{\the\tb\the\ta}}
\def\gappend#1\to#2{\ta={\\{#1}}\tb=\expandafter{#2}\xdef#2{\the\tb\the\ta}}

% usage: \cardinality\list\to\counter
\def\cardinality#1\to#2{#2=\z@ \long\def\\##1{\advance#2 by\@ne }#1}

% usage: \ifismember{item}\of\list ... \else ... \fi
\def\ifismember#1\of#2{%
    \def\given@uci{#1}%
    \result@ucifalse
    \def\\##1{%
	\def\next@uci{##1}%
	\ifx\next@uci\given@uci \result@ucitrue\fi
    }%
    #2%
    \ifresult@uci
}

% usage: \ifwasmember{item}\of\list ... \else ... \fi
%    side effect: removes {item} from \list if present
\def\ifwasmember#1\of#2{%
    \newlist\ref@mtr
    \def\given@uci{#1}%
    \result@ucifalse
    \def\\##1{%
	\def\next@uci{##1}%
	\ifx\next@uci\given@uci
	    \result@ucitrue
	\else
	    \append ##1\to\ref@mtr
	\fi
    }%
    #2%
    \let#2=\ref@mtr
    \ifresult@uci
}

% Append #1 to list #2 if #1 is not already in #2
\def\addtolist#1\to#2{%
    \ifismember#1\of#2%
    \else
	\append #1\to #2%
    \fi
}
\def\gaddtolist#1\to#2{%
    \ifismember#1\of#2%
    \else
	\gappend#1\to#2%
    \fi
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  STUFF for BIBLIOGRAPHY and APPENDICES  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Bibliography Package:
%	       Original version by Michal Spivak
%	       Updated for JACM format and automated by Tim Morgan
%	       Final cleanup, and much-improved automation, by Marshall Rose


% Simple appendix entry builder
\def\appendix#1#2{%
    \par
    \clearpage
    \ifoddpages
	\ifodd\pageno \else \null\vfill\eject\fi
    \fi
    \pageno@foot
    \begingroup
	\setbox\z@=\hbox{#1}%
	\ifdim\wd\z@>\z@
	    \content{Appendix #1: #2}%
	    \oktell{Appendix #1: #2}%
	    \def\title{Appendix #1\\#2}%
	\else
	    \content{Appendix: #2}%
	    \oktell{Appendix: #2}%
	    \def\title{Appendix\\#2}%
	\fi
	\let\\=\cr \tabskip=\z@ \chap@font
	\halign to\hsize{\centerline{\ignorespaces##\unskip}\cr\title\cr}%
    \endgroup
    \nobreak
    \vskip 1.0in minus 0.15in
}


% Citations:
% We keep a running list, \ref@set, which is
% all the things which were \cite'd throughout the paper, with
% only one entry for each different key.
%
% There are three versions of each of the citation
% commands:
% 1. The \def'd version is the normal one used throughout the paper.
% 2. Within a figure, table, etc,'s caption, because of the use of
%    \def and \edef, a special version which just produces the
%    citation without the \gaddtolist command is used.  These
%    definitions are predefined, and are \let to be \cite etc with
%    \no@cites, all for speed.

% Invisible citation.  usage: \icite{key}
\def\icite#1{%
    \gaddtolist#1\to\ref@set
}

% Management of \key@table stuff.  This table is formatted as
% \\{real-key}{printed-key}...
\newlist\key@table
%\def\key@add#1\and#2\to#3{%
%    \ta={\\{#1}{#2}}\tb=\expandafter{#3}\xdef#3{\the\tb\the\ta}%
%}

% Add a pair of items to the list.  This is used at the beginning
% of the dissertation.
\def\printkey#1#2{%
	\ta={\\{#1}{#2}}%
	\tb=\expandafter{\key@table}%
	\xdef\key@table{\the\tb\the\ta}%
}

% Print a key, looking it up in the table.  #1 is \whatever which
% expands to the key used by the user.
\newif\if@not@printed@
\def\use@key#1{%
    \@not@printed@true
    \def\\##1##2{%
	\if@not@printed@
	    \def\temp@uci{##1}%
	    \ifx\temp@uci#1%
		\@not@printed@false
		\setbox\z@=\hbox{[##2]\enspace}%
		\ifdim\wd\z@>\key@size \global\key@size=\wd\z@ \fi
		##2%
	    \fi
	\fi
    }%
    \key@table
    \if@not@printed@
	\setbox\z@=\hbox{\cite@font[\ignorespaces#1\unskip]\enspace}%
	\ifdim\wd\z@>\key@size \global\key@size=\wd\z@ \fi
	#1%
    \fi
}

% This macro moves forward until it hits \end, skipping spaces.
% Each time it hits a comma, or when it hits and \end, it
% adds whatever has been collected so far (in \@total) to
% \ref@set and to the output list.
\def\@icite#1{%
    \if#1\end
	\expandafter\gaddtolist\@total\to\ref@set
	\use@key\@total
        \let\@next=\relax	% Exit loop after this time
    \else
        \if#1,%			% We have a complete key now.
	    \expandafter\gaddtolist\@total\to\ref@set
	    \use@key\@total,\space
	    \global\let\@total=\empty
	\else
	    \xdef\@total{\@total#1}%	Add new char to total
	\fi
	\let\@next=\@icite	% Continue looping until done
    \fi
    \@next
}

% Initialize and call \@icite.  Used in \cite, \citep, \citepp
\def\@@cite#1{\global\let\@total\empty\@icite#1\end}

% usage: \cite{key [, key...]}
\def\cite#1{%
    {\cite@font[\@@cite{#1}]}%
}

% usage: \citep{key}{page}
\def\citep#1#2{%
    {\cite@font[\@@cite{#1}, \hbox{\rm p \ignorespaces#2\unskip}]}%
}

% usage: \citepp{key}{pages}
\def\citepp#1#2{%
    {\cite@font[\@@cite{#1}, \hbox{\rm pp \ignorespaces#2\unskip}]}%
}

% These three definitions are used in \no@cites, below.  They
% don't handle extraneous spaces as well as the normal
% definition, but they should be sufficient for most people.
\def\i@cite#1{{\cite@font[\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\@@cite{#1}]}}

\def\i@citep#1#2{{\cite@font[\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\@@cite{#1},\space
	\hbox{\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\rm p \ignorespaces#2\unskip}]}%
}

\def\i@citepp#1#2{{\cite@font[\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\@@cite{#1},\space
	\hbox{\noexpand\noexpand\noexpand\rm pp \ignorespaces#2\unskip}]}%
}

% Turn off adding citations to \ref@set.  This is needed when
% using \cite etc inside a caption for tables, figures, etc.
% \no@cites is undone by exiting an enclosing group.
\def\no@cites{%
    \let\citepp=\i@citepp
    \let\citep=\i@citep
    \let\cite=\i@cite
}

% References Section

\newdimen\key@size
\key@size=\z@	% Init. value so \key@size is made as small as possible

% Annotation control
\newif\ifinclude@annos			% Should annotations be printed?
\include@annosfalse			% By default, no
\def\annotate{%				% ``official'' command
    \include@annostrue
    \oktell{Annotating bibliography}%
}

\newif\ifin@anno			% True while doing an annotation
\in@annofalse

\def\refi@AmS{F}			% This starts as False

% Begin an annotation -- must be in vertical mode.  Just gather
% text into box0 for use by \endanno.  We do a couple of consistency
% checks at the beginning.
\def\anno{%
    \ifhmode
	\message{You forgot the \noexpand\endref command!}
	\message{I've inserted one for you.}
	\endanno
    \fi
    \if F\refi@AmS
	\errmessage{No \noexpand\ref command before first \noexpand\anno}
    \fi
    \let\\=\newline
    \in@annotrue
    \setbox\z@=\vbox\bgroup
}

% End of an annotation.  Decide if it should be typeset or skipped.
\def\endanno{%
    \egroup				% End the group for box0
    \in@annofalse			% No longer doing an annotation
    \if T\refed@uci			% If previous reference was used,
	\ifinclude@annos {%	And if we're producing an annotated bib.,
	    \vskip\parskip
	    \interlinepenalty=\z@
	    \unvbox\z@	% Then include annotation as normal paragraph(s)
	    \par
	}\fi
    \fi
}

\global\newlist\ref@set	    		% list of all references cited
\global\newlist\ref@seen	    	% list of all references defined

\def\reftitle{References}		% Default title for bibliography

% usage: \references (begin the References section)
\def\references{%
    \vfill\supereject			% Begin new page, clear out everything
    \ifoddpages				% Make sure start on even page.
	\ifodd\pageno \relax \else \null\vfill\eject \fi
    \fi
    \begingroup				% Following changes are local to bib.

    \twelvepoint			% Get good appearance
    \singlespace
    \no@cites	                        % \cite's just produce [key]
    \parskip=0.6\baselineskip plus5\p@ minus4\p@
    \tolerance=5000			% Must be extremely tolerant!
    \pretolerance=300
    \interlinepenalty=400		% To discourage breaking a reference
					% across page boundaries
    \uchyph=\@ne			% Needed to try hyphenating title words
    \sfcode`.=\@m			% Like \frenchspacing, but only for
					% periods

    % Now we output the title and so forth.
    \centerline{\csc \reftitle}%
    \nobreak
    \medskip
    \content\reftitle			% Tell user and TOC.
    \oktell\reftitle
    \pageno@foot			% Put page # in special place

    % Special definitions within reference mode
    \let\year=\yr
    \let\month=\mon
}

% usage: \endreferences (end the References section)
\def\endreferences{%
    \par	% Make sure last printed reference is finished up.
    \cardinality\ref@set\to\count@
    \ifnum\count@>\z@
	\def\\##1{[##1] }
	\ifnum\count@>1
	  \message{Warning: \number\count@\space undefined citations: \ref@set}
	\else
	  \message{Warning: One undefined citation: \ref@set}
	\fi
    \fi
  \endgroup	% End of \references group
}


% References Database


\newbox\bybox@AmS	\newbox\bysamebox@AmS
\newbox\paperbox@AmS	\newbox\paperinfobox@AmS
\newbox\jourbox@AmS	\newbox\jourinfobox@AmS
\newbox\volbox@AmS	\newbox\issuebox@AmS
\newbox\monbox@AmS	\newbox\yrbox@AmS
\newbox\pagesbox@AmS	\newbox\editorbox@AmS
\newbox\bookbox@AmS	\newbox\bookinfobox@AmS
\newbox\publbox@AmS	\newbox\publaddrbox@AmS
\newbox\finalinfobox@AmS\newbox\wastebox@uci
\newbox\talkbox@AmS	\newbox\keybox@AmS

% reset a \keyword to the ``not used'' condition
\def\refset@AmS#1{%
    \expandafter\gdef\csname is\expandafter\eat@AmS
    \string#1@AmS\endcsname{F}\expandafter
    \setbox\csname\expandafter\eat@AmS\string#1box@AmS\endcsname=\null
}

% reset \keyword's
\def\ref@AmS{%
    \refset@AmS\key	\refset@AmS\finalinfo
    \refset@AmS\by	\gdef\isbysame@AmS{F}%
    \refset@AmS\paper	\refset@AmS\paperinfo
    \refset@AmS\jour	\refset@AmS\jourinfo
    \refset@AmS\vol	\refset@AmS\issue
    \refset@AmS\mon	\refset@AmS\yr
    \refset@AmS\pages	\gdef\ispage@AmS{F}%
    \refset@AmS\book	\refset@AmS\bookinfo
    \refset@AmS\publ	\refset@AmS\publaddr
    \refset@AmS\editor	\refset@AmS\talk
    \gdef\istoappear@AmS{F}%
    \gdef\isinbook@AmS{F}%
    \bgroup
    \ignorespaces
}

% usage: \ref{citation} \keywords arguments ... \endref.  We make sure
% we aren't still doing an \anno first.
\def\ref#1{%
    \ifin@anno
	\message{You forgot an \noexpand\endanno command,}
	\message{but I forgive you this time.}
	\endanno
    \fi
    \def\refi@AmS{T}%
    \ifwasmember#1\of\ref@set
	\def\refed@uci{T}%
	\okmessage{[#1]}%
    \else
	\def\refed@uci{F}%
	\okmessage{(#1)}%
    \fi
    \ifismember#1\of\ref@seen
	\sanetell{multiply defined: [#1]}%
    \else
	\append#1\to\ref@seen
    \fi
    \def\refl@AmS{F}%
    \def\\{\egroup\endref@AmS\gdef\refi@AmS{F}\ref@AmS}%
    \ref@AmS
    \gdef\@total{#1}%
    \key \if T\refed@uci
	\use@key\@total
    \fi\egroup\setbox\wastebox@uci=\hbox\bgroup\ignorespaces
}

% End of a reference.
%
% Note that \endref@AmS is \let to be whichever \endref@xxx command
% is being used; default is \endref@JACM for JACM format.
%
% If we printed the reference, \endref@AmS will
% have set \bysamebox@AmS to be a box containing a box
% containing a rule and a period.  This is unboxed if a subsequent
% reference which gets printed uses \bysame.  Otherwise, we here
% save the \by field (if given) so that if a subsequent reference
% using \bysame gets used, we'll know who the author was, even though
% the reference which gave the author(s) wasn't printed.
\def\endref{%
    \egroup\gdef\refl@AmS{T}%
    \if T\refed@uci
	\endref@AmS
    \else
	\if T\isby@AmS
	    \setbox\bysamebox@AmS=\box\bybox@AmS
	\fi
    \fi
    \par
}

% define a \keyword.  #1=keyword, #2=font to use, or {}
\def\refdef@AmS#1#2{%
    \def#1{%
	\egroup
	\expandafter\gdef
		\csname is\expandafter\eat@AmS\string#1@AmS\endcsname{T}%
	\expandafter\setbox
		\csname\expandafter\eat@AmS\string#1box@AmS\endcsname
			=\hbox\bgroup#2\ignorespaces
    }%
}

% define the keywords

\refdef@AmS\by\by@font		\refdef@AmS\paper{}
\refdef@AmS\paperinfo{}		\refdef@AmS\jour\book@font
\refdef@AmS\vol\book@font	\refdef@AmS\issue{}
\refdef@AmS\mon{}		\refdef@AmS\yr{}
\refdef@AmS\pages{}		\refdef@AmS\talk{}
\refdef@AmS\book\book@font	\refdef@AmS\bookinfo{}
\refdef@AmS\publ{}		\refdef@AmS\publaddr{}
\refdef@AmS\finalinfo{} 	\refdef@AmS\editor{}
\refdef@AmS\jourinfo{}		\refdef@AmS\key\cite@font

% These don't fit the normal pattern.
\def\bysame{\egroup\gdef\isbysame@AmS{T}\bgroup}
\def\page{\egroup\gdef\ispage@AmS{T}\setbox\pagesbox@AmS=\hbox\bgroup
	\ignorespaces}
\def\toappear{\egroup\gdef\istoappear@AmS{T}\bgroup}
\def\inbook{\egroup\gdef\isinbook@AmS{T}\setbox\bookbox@AmS=\hbox\bgroup
	\book@font\ignorespaces
}

% This is the font we normally print book and journal titles in, but we
% use \twelveit for IEEE format.
\let\book@font=\twelvesl

% Similarly, this is the font to use for the author's name(s).
% Optionally, the user can ask for the cite font instead (this is
% not necessarily related to use of the IEEE format).
\let\by@font=\twelverm

% As an option, the user can have the author's name(s) in caps-small-caps.
\def\AuthorsInCSC{%
    \let\by@font=\elevencsc
    \oktell{Authors in CSC mode}%
}

% Define some aliases for some of the above, for user convenience.
\let\pp=\pages
\let\pgs=\pages
\let\pg=\page
\let\p=\page
\let\journal=\jour
\let\volume=\vol
\let\author=\by
\let\authors=\by
\let\editors=\editor
\let\other=\talk
\let\no=\issue

% Helpers to \endref@AmS, which speed things up a lot, and/or
% make the code more compact.
\def\a@comma{, }	% Used in next routine.  Predefined for speed of \let.
\def\setpunct@AmS{\let\prepunct@AmS=\a@comma}
\def\ppunbox@AmS#1{\prepunct@AmS\unhbox#1\unskip}


% Actually do some typesetting (finally).  As mentioned above,
% \endref@AmS is called to print a reference if we want it.  It
% is \let to be either \endref@JACM or \endref@IEEE (or possibly
% some other format in the future) depending on the desired
% format.
%
% For some reason, the ~'s don't see to tie things, so some
% \hbox's were introduced.
%
% There is unfortunately a lot of common code between the
% different formats.  Here are some sections which were easy to
% pull out:
\def\endref@startup{%
    % Test to see if there is anything in the wastebox
    \setbox\wastebox@uci=\hbox{\unhbox\wastebox@uci\unskip}%
    \ifdim\wd\wastebox@uci>\z@
	\errmessage{Keyword omitted after \noexpand\ref}%
    \fi
    \let\prepunct@AmS=\empty
    \vskip\parskip
    \noindent \hangafter=\@ne
}

% This is the text printed for the JACM format for papers
% appearing in a book.
\def\appearing@in{Appearing in }

% Common code at the end of \endref@JACM and \endref@IEEE.
% The argument is the date routine to use.
\def\endref@finishup#1{%
    \if T\istalk@AmS
	\dimen@=\wd\talkbox@AmS
	\ifdim\dimen@>\z@
	    \ppunbox@AmS\talkbox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
    \fi
    \if T\isbook@AmS
	\ppunbox@AmS\bookbox@AmS \setpunct@AmS
	\editor@ref
    \fi
    \if T\isinbook@AmS
	\prepunct@AmS\appearing@in\unhbox\bookbox@AmS\unskip \setpunct@AmS
	\editor@ref \gdef\isbook@AmS{T}%
    \fi
    \if T\isbookinfo@AmS
	\ppunbox@AmS\bookinfobox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
    \fi
    \if T\ispubl@AmS
	\ppunbox@AmS\publbox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
    \fi
    \if T\ispubladdr@AmS
	\ppunbox@AmS\publaddrbox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
    \fi
    \if T\isbook@AmS
	\if T\isvol@AmS
	    \prepunct@AmS Vol.~\unhbox\volbox@AmS\unskip\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\if T\isyr@AmS
	    \ppunbox@AmS\yrbox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\if T\istoappear@AmS
	    \ (to appear)\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\if T\ispages@AmS
      	    \prepunct@AmS pp.~\unhbox\pagesbox@AmS\unskip\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\if T\ispage@AmS
	    \prepunct@AmS p.~\unhbox\pagesbox@AmS\unskip\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
    \fi
    \if T\istalk@AmS
	#1%	This is the date routine to use.
    \fi
    \if T\isfinalinfo@AmS
	\period\unhbox\finalinfobox@AmS
    \else
	\if T\refl@AmS .
	\else ;
	\fi
    \fi
}

% Print editor (ed.) if appropriate.  This occurs 6 times
% between the two formats, making it worth being a separate
% routine.
\def\editor@ref{%
    \if T\iseditor@AmS
	\ppunbox@AmS\editorbox@AmS\ (ed.)\setpunct@AmS
    \fi
}

% This routine prints the date in the JACM format
\def\date@JACM{%
    \if T\isyr@AmS
	\/\ (%
	\if T\ismon@AmS
	    \unhbox\monbox@AmS\unskip,
	\fi
	\unhbox\yrbox@AmS\unskip)\setpunct@AmS
    \else
	\if T\ismon@AmS
	    \ppunbox@AmS\monbox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
    \fi
}

% This prints the date in the IEEE format.
\def\date@IEEE{%
    \if T\isyr@AmS
	\prepunct@AmS
	\if T\ismon@AmS
	    \unhbox\monbox@AmS\unskip\a@comma
	\fi
	\unhbox\yrbox@AmS\unskip\setpunct@AmS
    \else
	\if T\ismon@AmS
	    \ppunbox@AmS\monbox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
    \fi
}


% This version produces JACM format references.
\def\endref@JACM{%
    \endref@startup
    \if T\refi@AmS
%	\if T\iskey@AmS		% We know that there is a \key
	    \hbox to \key@size{\cite@font [\unhbox\keybox@AmS\unskip]\hfil}%
	    \hangindent=\key@size
%	\fi
	\if T\isby@AmS
	   \unhcopy\bybox@AmS\unskip
	   \def\prepunct@AmS{\hskip7\p@ plus5\p@\relax}%
	   \setbox\z@=\hbox{\unhbox\bybox@AmS\unskip}%
	   \dimen@=\wd\z@	% We want \dimen0=max(\wd0, 2in)
	   \ifdim\dimen@>2in \dimen@=2in \fi
	   \setbox\bysamebox@AmS=\hbox{\hbox to\dimen@{\leaders\hrule\hfill.}}%
	\else
	    \if T\isbysame@AmS
	        \unhcopy\bysamebox@AmS\unskip
		\def\prepunct@AmS{\hskip7\p@ plus5\p@\relax}%
	    \fi
	\fi
    \fi
    \if T\ispaper@AmS
	\ppunbox@AmS\paperbox@AmS\def\prepunct@AmS{. }%
    \fi
    \if T\ispaperinfo@AmS
	\ppunbox@AmS\paperinfobox@AmS\def\prepunct@AmS{. }%
    \fi
    \if T\isjour@AmS
	\ppunbox@AmS\jourbox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
	\editor@ref
	\if T\isjourinfo@AmS
	    \ppunbox@AmS\jourinfobox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\if T\isvol@AmS
	    \ \unhbox\volbox@AmS\unskip
	\fi
	\if T\isissue@AmS
	    \ppunbox@AmS\issuebox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\date@JACM
	\if T\istoappear@AmS
	    \ (to appear)\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\if T\ispages@AmS
	    \ppunbox@AmS\pagesbox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\if T\ispage@AmS
            \prepunct@AmS p.~\unhbox\pagesbox@AmS\unskip\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
    \fi
    \endref@finishup\date@JACM
}


% This version produces IEEE format references.
\def\endref@IEEE{%
    \endref@startup
    \if T\refi@AmS
%	\if T\iskey@AmS		% We know that there is a \key
	    \hbox to \key@size{\cite@font [\unhbox\keybox@AmS\unskip]\hfil}%
	    \hangindent=\key@size
%	\fi
	\if T\isby@AmS \unhcopy\bybox@AmS\unskip\setpunct@AmS
	   \setbox\z@=\hbox{\unhbox\bybox@AmS\unskip}%
	   \dimen@=\wd\z@	% We want \dimen0=max(\wd0, 2in)
	   \ifdim\dimen@>2in \dimen@=2in \fi
	   \setbox\bysamebox@AmS=\hbox{\hbox to\dimen@{\leaders\hrule\hfill}}%
	\else
	    \if T\isbysame@AmS
	        \unhcopy\bysamebox@AmS\unskip\setpunct@AmS
	    \fi
	\fi
    \fi
    \if T\ispaper@AmS
        \prepunct@AmS``\unhbox\paperbox@AmS\unskip,''
	\let\prepunct@AmS=\empty
    \fi
    \if T\ispaperinfo@AmS
	\ppunbox@AmS\paperinfobox@AmS\def\prepunct@AmS{. }%
    \fi
    \if T\isjour@AmS
	\ppunbox@AmS\jourbox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
	\editor@ref
	\if T\isjourinfo@AmS
	    \ppunbox@AmS\jourinfobox@AmS\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\if T\isvol@AmS
	    \prepunct@AmS Vol.~\unhbox\volbox@AmS\unskip\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\if T\isissue@AmS
	    \prepunct@AmS No.~\unhbox\issuebox@AmS\unskip\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\date@IEEE
	\if T\istoappear@AmS
	    \ (to appear)\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\if T\ispages@AmS
	    \prepunct@AmS pp.~\unhbox\pagesbox@AmS\unskip\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
	\if T\ispage@AmS
            \prepunct@AmS p.~\unhbox\pagesbox@AmS\unskip\setpunct@AmS
	\fi
    \fi
    \endref@finishup\date@IEEE
}


% By default, we use JACM format references
\let\endref@AmS=\endref@JACM

% But it's possible to get the other format
\def\IEEE{%
    \let\endref@AmS=\endref@IEEE
    \refdef@AmS\vol{}%		Vol not printed in slanted any more.
    \global\let\appearing@in=\empty	% Don't say that in IEEE format.
    \let\volume=\vol
    \let\book@font=\twelveit	% Book and journal titles in this font.
    \oktell{IEEE Bibliography Style}%
}


% References Dump

\newwrite\dump@file

\catcode`\{=12	\catcode`\}=12	\catcode`\%=12	\catcode`\[=1	\catcode`\]=2
\def\ref@open[{]
\def\ref@close[}]
\def\ref@comment[%]
\catcode`\{=1	\catcode`\}=2	\catcode`\%=14	\catcode`\[=12	\catcode`\]=12

\def\refdump{%
    \vfill\supereject
    \begingroup
	\content\reftitle
	\tell{Dumping \reftitle\space to refdump.tex}%
	\immediate\openout\dump@file=refdump
	\immediate\write\dump@file{%
	    \noexpand\catcode`\noexpand\@=11 ^^J%
	    \noexpand\let\noexpand\content=\noexpand\eat@AmS^^J%
	    \noexpand\pageno=\the\pageno^^J%
	    \noexpand\def\noexpand\ref@set\ref@open\ref@comment
	}%
	\def\\##1{\immediate\write\dump@file{ \noexpand\\{##1}\ref@comment}}%
	\ref@set
	\immediate\write\dump@file{%
	    \ref@close^^J%
	}%
	\immediate\closeout\dump@file
    \endgroup
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  OUTPUT CONTROL  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Control for informational messages.  Default is \verbose mode.
\newif\iftell@all
\let\verbose=\tell@alltrue
\let\quiet=\tell@allfalse
\verbose
\def\oktell#1{\iftell@all\tell{#1}\fi}
\def\okmessage#1{\iftell@all\message{#1}\fi}

% Chapter macro parameters
\newcount\chapterno
\chapterno=\z@          % Number of current chapter
\newif\ifnumber@chapters
\number@chapterstrue	  % By default, number the chapters
\def\nochapternumbers{%
    \number@chaptersfalse
    \oktell{No Chapter Numbers mode}%
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  OUTPUT CONTROL MACROS  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


% Center, left justify, right justify -- avoid exceeding margins
\def\centerline#1{\line{\hfill#1\hfill}}
\def\leftline#1{\line{#1\hfill}}
\def\rightline#1{\line{\hfill#1}}
\def\threepart#1#2#3{\line{\hskip\leftskip\rlap{#1}\hfill#2\hfill
    \llap{#3}\hskip\rightskip}}

% End of the main body of the document
\let\enddiss=\bye

% Summary Information
\outer\def\showsummary{%
    \begingroup
	\def\note##1##2##3##4{%
	    \count@=##1
	    \advance\count@ by##3
	    \ifcase\count@
		\message{No ##2s##4}\or
		\message{1 ##2##4}\else
		\message{\the\count@\space ##2s##4}\fi
	}%
	\note\fignumber{figure}{-1}{,}%
	\note\tablenumber{table}{-1}{,}%
	\note\note@count{footnote}{-1}{,}%
	\cardinality\ref@set\to\count@
	\note\count@{citation}{0}{.}%
    \endgroup
}


% Real version of ragged right margins
\def\raggedright{%
    \rightskip=\z@ plus 2em
    \oktell{Raggedright mode}%
}

% Disallow hyphenation -- a very dangerous thing
\def\nohyphens{%
    \hyphenpenalty=\@M\tolerance=500\pretolerance=\@M
    \oktell{Nohyphens mode}%
}

% Allow capitalized words to be hyphenated
\def\hyphenall{%
    \uchyph=\@ne
    \oktell{Hyphenating all words}%
}

% Handle a long quotation in a standard way
\def\bigquote#1\endbigquote{%
    \par
    \vskip \baselineskip  \vskip -\parskip
    {   \advance\rightskip by30\p@
        \advance\leftskip by30\p@
	\smallertype
        \singlespace
	\let\\=\newline
	\noindent\llap{``}\ignorespaces#1\unskip''\par
    }% End of singlespacing and special indentation
    \vskip \baselineskip  \vskip -\parskip
}

% What to do at the beginning of a chapter
\def\chapter#1\endchapter{
    \chapter@base #1\endchapter
    \oktell{Chapter \number\chapterno: #1}
    \content{Chapter \number\chapterno: #1}
}


% This boolean controls whether chapters are made to start only on
% odd pages.
\newif\ifoddpages
\oddpagesfalse
\def\twosided{%		This is the ``official'' command
    \oddpagestrue
    \oktell{Twosided mode}%
}

% The guts of the \chapter command.  \chapter==\chapter@base when
% in \articlestyle.
\def\chapter@base#1\endchapter{
    \par
    \clearpage				% Clean up from prev chapter
    \ifoddpages				% Make sure start on even page.
	\ifodd\pageno \relax \else \null\vfill\eject \fi
    \fi
    \pageno@foot			% Page #ing special for chap pages
    \advance\chapterno by\@ne
    \ifnumber@chapters
        \centerline{\chap@font CHAPTER \number\chapterno}% Do heading
    \fi
    {\let\\=\cr \tabskip=\z@ \chap@font	% Center the chapter title
     \halign to\hsize{\centerline{\ignorespaces##\unskip}\cr#1\cr}
    }
    \nobreak		      % Shouldn't happen anyway
    \vskip 1.0in minus 0.15in
}

% What to do at the beginning of a section
\def\section#1{%
    \skip@=\lastskip		% \par resets \lastskip, apparently
    \par
    % This junk trys to provide consistent spacing
    \dimen@=\baselineskip
    \ifdim\skip@<\dimen@
	\ifdim\skip@=\z@
	    \penalty-\@m		% Very good break
	\fi
	\vskip \dimen@ plus .5\baselineskip
    \fi
    \leftline{\sec@font#1}
    \subcontent{#1}
    \sanetell{ Section: #1}
    \nobreak
    \vskip \z@ plus .15\baselineskip
    \vskip -\parskip
}

% And for sub-sections
\def\subsection#1{%
    \skip@=\lastskip
    \par
    \dimen@=.6\baselineskip
    \ifdim\skip@<\dimen@
	\ifdim\skip@=\z@
	    \goodbreak
	\fi
	\vskip \dimen@ plus .3\baselineskip
    \fi
    \leftline{\subsec@font#1}
    \subsubcontent{#1}
    \sanetell{ \\Subsection: #1}
    \nobreak
    \vskip \z@ plus .1\baselineskip
    \vskip -\parskip
}

% And for sub-sub-sections
\def\subsubsection#1{%
    \skip@=\lastskip
    \par
    \dimen@=.5\baselineskip
    \ifdim\skip@<\dimen@
	\ifdim\skip@=\z@
	    \goodbreak
	\fi
	\vskip \dimen@ plus .3\baselineskip
    \fi
    \leftline{\bf#1}
    \subsubsubcontent{#1}
    \sanetell{ \\\\Subsubsection: #1}
    \nobreak
    \vskip -\parskip
}

% This is an alternate definition for plain TeX's \@ins,
% omitting the \par.  It is for use during \figure etc.  Reason:
% If you use \figure right after \section, it would otherwise
% become a legal place for a page break..
\def\@ins@uci{\begingroup\setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup}

% This is \endinsert from plain.tex, but \midinsert's are not converted
% to \topinsert's, since that can lead to figures getting out of order.
% This can lead to excessive blank space at the bottom of the page, but
% that's life.  Makes use of \keep...\endkeep type stuff.
\def\endinsert{\egroup % finish the \vbox
  \if@mid \dimen@\ht\z@ \advance\dimen@\dp\z@
    \advance\dimen@12\p@
    \vskip\z@ plus\dimen@
    \penalty\z@
    \vskip\z@ plus-\dimen@
    \bigskip\box\z@\bigbreak
  \else\insert\topins{\penalty100 % floating insertion
    \splittopskip\z@skip
    \splitmaxdepth\maxdimen \floatingpenalty\z@
    \ifp@ge \dimen@\dp\z@
    \vbox to\vsize{\unvbox\z@\kern-\dimen@}% depth is zero
    \else \box\z@\nobreak\bigskip\fi}\fi\endgroup}


% This macro provides rudamentary support for figures.  The
% argument to \figure is the name of the file containing the tpic (or whatever)
% output.  The second argument is the caption for the picture.
% As usual, TeX's delayed paging and midinserting causes expansion-timing
% problems which have to be kludged around.
\newif\iftopfigs \topfigstrue
\def\domidfigs{%
    \topfigsfalse
    \oktell{Midfigs mode}%
}

\newcount\fignumber \fignumber=\@ne
% Usage: \figure{filename}{caption with \\'s}
\def\figure#1#2{%
  \begingroup			% Hide anything that crazy user does!
    \xdef\lastfigure{\the\fignumber}% Remember the current figure number
    \begingroup\no@cites
        \let\\=\space
	\xdef\this@insert{\write\noexpand\fig@file{\noexpand\noexpand
				\noexpand\listfig{\lastfigure}{#2}%
				{\noexpand\number\noexpand\pageno}%
		      }%
	}%
    \endgroup
    \global\advance\fignumber by\@ne
    % Now do mid or top insert as appropriate
    \let\@ins=\@ins@uci
    \iffig@closed		% Open output file if not already
	\immediate\openout\fig@file=\figfile
	\global\fig@closedfalse
    \fi
    \iftopfigs \topinsert \else \midinsert \fi
	\hrule
	\vskip .5\baselineskip
	{\smallertype\input #1\relax\centerline{\box\graph}}%
	\vskip .5\baselineskip plus .5\baselineskip
	\centerline{\bf Figure \lastfigure}%
	\this@insert
	\let\\=\cr \tabskip=\z@
	\halign to\hsize{\centerline{\ignorespaces##\unskip}\cr#2\cr}%
	\vskip2\p@
	\hrule
    \endinsert
  \endgroup
}


% Similar thing for tables
\newcount\tablenumber \tablenumber=\@ne
% usage: \table{caption} ...text... \endtable
\def\table#1{%
  \begingroup			% Hide user zingers
    \xdef\lasttable{\the\tablenumber}% Remember the current figure number
    \begingroup\no@cites
        \let\\=\space
	\xdef\this@insert{\write\noexpand\tab@file{\noexpand\noexpand
				\noexpand\listfig{\lasttable}{#1}%
				{\noexpand\number\noexpand\pageno}%
		      }%
	}%
    \endgroup
    \global\advance\tablenumber by\@ne
    \gdef\table@caption{#1}%
    \setbox\z@=\vbox\bgroup
}

% End of the table body specification.
\def\endtable{%
    \egroup		% End the definition of \box0.
    % Now do top or mid insert
    \let\@ins=\@ins@uci
    \iftab@closed		% Open output file if necessary
	\immediate\openout\tab@file=\tabfile
	\global\tab@closedfalse
    \fi
    \iftopfigs \topinsert \else \midinsert \fi
	\hrule
	\vskip .5\baselineskip
	\box\z@		% Insert the material here.
	\vskip .5\baselineskip plus .5\baselineskip
	\centerline{\bf Table \lasttable}%
	\this@insert
	\let\\=\cr \tabskip=\z@
	\halign to\hsize{\centerline{\ignorespaces##\unskip}\cr\table@caption
			 \cr}%
        \vskip2\p@
	\hrule
    \endinsert
  \endgroup
}

% Allow user to specify arbitrary diagrams.  The arguments are:
% #1=name of the file containing the commands to form the diagram,
% #2=caption for the figure, possibly containing \\'s.
\def\diagram#1#2{%
  \begingroup
    \xdef\lastfigure{\the\fignumber}%
    \begingroup\no@cites
        \let\\=\space
	\xdef\this@insert{\write\noexpand\fig@file{\noexpand\noexpand
				\noexpand\listfig{\lastfigure}{#2}%
				{\noexpand\number\noexpand\pageno}%
			}%
	}%
    \endgroup
    \global\advance\fignumber by\@ne
    % Do mid or top insert as appropriate
    \let\@ins=\@ins@uci
    \iffig@closed		% Open output file if necessary
	\immediate\openout\fig@file=\figfile
	\global\fig@closedfalse
    \fi
    \iftopfigs \topinsert \else \midinsert \fi
	\hrule
	\vskip .5\baselineskip
	{\smallertype\input #1\relax}%
	\vskip .5\baselineskip plus .5\baselineskip
	\centerline{\bf Figure \lastfigure}%
	\this@insert
	\let\\=\cr  \tabskip=\z@
	\halign to \hsize{\centerline{\ignorespaces##\unskip}\cr#2\cr}%
	\vskip2\p@
	\hrule
    \endinsert
  \endgroup
}

% Allow user to include verbatim examples from files.  The arguments are:
% #1=name of the file containing the text of the example,
% #2=caption for the figure, possibly containing \\'s.
\def\example#1#2{%
  \begingroup
    \xdef\lastfigure{\the\fignumber}%
    \begingroup\no@cites
        \let\\=\space
	\xdef\this@insert{\write\noexpand\fig@file{\noexpand\noexpand
				\noexpand\listfig{\lastfigure}{#2}%
				{\noexpand\number\noexpand\pageno}%
			}%
	}%
    \endgroup
    \global\advance\fignumber by\@ne
    % Do mid or top insert as appropriate
    \let\@ins=\@ins@uci
    \iffig@closed		% Open output file if necessary
	\immediate\openout\fig@file=\figfile
	\global\fig@closedfalse
    \fi
    \iftopfigs \topinsert \else \midinsert \fi
	\hrule
	\vskip .5\baselineskip
	\vbox{\smallertype\singlespace\verbfile{#1}}%
	\vskip .5\baselineskip plus .5\baselineskip
	\centerline{\bf Figure \lastfigure}%
	\this@insert
	\let\\=\cr  \tabskip=\z@
	\halign to \hsize{\centerline{\ignorespaces##\unskip}\cr#2\cr}%
	\vskip2\p@
	\hrule
    \endinsert
  \endgroup
}


% Environment for report generation -- use only at the beginning!
% Since sections are the biggest division, the table of contents
% stuff is redefined, and chapter numbering is turned off so that
% \chapter can be used for the first-page title.  The title page
% gets no page number (page # 0).  The user can get to the
% normal chapter font as \titlefont, and the section font as
% \authorfont.
\def\articlestyle{%
    \nochapternumbers
    \let\subsubsubcontent=\subsubcontent
    \let\subsubcontent=\subcontent
    \let\subcontent=\content
    \let\chapter=\chapter@base
    \pageno=\z@
    \let\titlefont=\chap@font
    \let\authorfont=\sec@font
    \oktell{Articlestyle mode}%
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  PAGE NUMBERING  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% This macro produces a blank, numbered page of output
\def\blankpage{\pageinsert \null\vfill \endinsert}

% This defintion of \folio differs from Plain's in that (a) page
% numbers are printed in 12pt, and (b) roman numeral ones are
% printed in italics.  It makes use of a trick, that
% \romannumeral0 produces no output, which we need for title
% pages and things, so we make their page numbers be 0.
\def\folio{\ifnum\pageno>\z@
    {\twelverm\number\pageno}\else
    {\twelveit\romannumeral-\pageno}\fi
}

% Permanent definitions of macros which get switched in and out
% with \let's.  Do not change any of these !!!
\def\uci@headpage{\hfill\folio}
\def\uci@footpage{\hfill\folio\hfill}
\headline={\uci@headline}
\footline={\uci@footline}

% If this is used as the footline, it causes a page number to be
% printed, but with the side-effect of making the headline blank
% and the footline a page number again.  This is used on pages
% like the first of a chapter.
\def\no@foot{%
    \uci@footpage
    \global\let\uci@footline=\hfil
    \global\let\uci@headline=\uci@headpage
}

% This macro causes the page number to be at the bottom of the current
% page, and after it has been used there once, it moves to the
% top right of each page.  It also sets \dimen\topins=0pt so that
% any material \topinsert'd on these pages will get carried over
% to subsequent pages.
\def\pageno@foot{%
    \dimen\topins=\z@
    \let\uci@headline=\hfil
    \let\uci@footline=\no@foot
}

% Executing this causes page numbers to be at the bottom only, as
% with the plain TeX format.
\def\plain@page@numbers{%
    \let\uci@headline=\hfil	% Initial values similar to plain's
    \let\uci@footline=\uci@footpage
}

% Change plain's \makeheadline and \makefootline to position page
% numbers as required.
\def\makeheadline{%
    \vbox to\z@{\vskip-22.65\p@
    \line{\vbox to8.5\p@{}\the\headline}\vss}\nointerlineskip
}
\def\makefootline{\baselineskip=1.6cm\line{\the\footline}}

% Define an output routine which will restore \dimen\topins
% after \chapter, \references, etc, title pages, which have
% \dimen\topins=0pt
\def\dissoutput{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline\pagebody\makefootline}%
    \advancepageno \global\dimen\topins=\vsize
    \ifnum\outputpenalty>-\@MM \else\dosupereject\fi
}
\let\output@AmS=\dissoutput
\dimen\topins=\vsize	% Don't insert more than will fit on one page

% Output Routines: We adjust the \raggedbottom command of plain
% TeX so that the extra space is no more than 1in, and so that
% the space is put above footnotes instead of below.

\def\raggedbottom{\topskip=\normal@topskip plus1in \r@ggedbottomtrue
    \oktell{Ragged bottom mode}}
\def\normalbottom{\topskip=\normal@topskip\r@ggedbottomfalse
    \oktell{Normal bottom mode}}

\def\pagecontents{%
    \ifvoid\topins\else\unvbox\topins\fi
    \dimen@=\dp\@cclv \unvbox\@cclv	% open up \box255
    \ifr@ggedbottom \kern-\dimen@ \vfil\fi
    \ifvoid\footins \else		% footnote info is present
	\vskip\skip\footins
	\footnoterule
	\unvbox\footins
    \fi
}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  INITIALIZATION  %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\font@no=0			% Default font=\rm,
\twelvepoint			% point size,
\doublespace			% and spacing
\plain@page@numbers		% Page nos like plain's

% Note that normally in AMSTeX, the @ character may not be used.
% But in the dissertation style, @ may be used as a normal character,
% As it can in plain TeX.
\catcode`\@=12

% Eat any further \documentstyle commands
\def\documentstyle#1{}

% This prints out our welcome message, and it computes the time
% and date string once per run, which saves time if they're used
% more than once.  Since \catcode`@=12 at the time this is
% executed, it can't contain any @-type macros.
\everyjob={%
    \begingroup
	\xdef\today{%
	    \ifcase\month
		\the\month\or
		January\or
		February\or
		March\or
		April\or
		May\or
		June\or
		July\or
		August\or
		September\or
		October\or
		November\or
		December\else
		\the\month
	    \fi\space\the\day, \the\year
	}%
	\count0=\time
	\count1=\count0
	\divide\count0by60
	\count2=\count0
	\multiply\count0by60
	\advance\count1by-\count0
	\ifnum\count2>11
	    \ifnum\count2>12 \advance\count2by-12\fi
	    \def\ampm{PM}%
	\else
	    \ifnum\count2=0 \advance\count2by12\fi
	    \def\ampm{AM}%
	\fi
	\xdef\daytime{%
	    \ifnum\count2<10 0\fi \the\count2:%
	    \ifnum\count1<10 0\fi \the\count1
	    \ampm
	}%
    \endgroup
    \tell{AmSTeX Dissertation Style, version \version}%
}

\edef\temp@uci{\the\everyjob}
\temp@uci
