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BSD 4.3reno

.TH LD68 1
.SU
.SH NAME
ld68 \- .b -> b.out linker for the MC68000
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B ld68
[ option ] ... file ...
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Ld68
combines several
object programs into one, resolves external
references, and searches libraries.
In the simplest case several object
.I files
are given, and
.I ld68
combines them, producing
an object module which can be either executed or
become the input for a further
.I ld68
run.
(In the latter case, the
.B \-r
option must be given
to preserve the relocation bits.)\ 
The output of
.I ld68
is left on
.BR b.out .
This file is made executable
only if no errors occurred during the load.
.PP
The argument routines are concatenated in the order
specified.
.PP
The entry point of the output is determined by the first applicable item of the
following list: the \fB\-e\fP option if given, the value of the symbol _start
if defined, or the text origin (first instruction).
.PP
If any argument is a library, it is searched exactly once
at the point it is encountered in the argument list.
Only those routines defining an unresolved external
reference are loaded.
If a routine from a library
references another routine in the library,
the referenced routine must appear after the
referencing routine in the library.
Thus the order of programs within libraries
may be important.
.PP
The symbols `\_etext', `\_edata' and `\_end'
(`etext', `edata' and `end' in C)
are reserved, and if referred to,
are set to the first location above the program,
the first location above initialized data,
and the first location above all data respectively.
It is erroneous to define these symbols.
.PP
.I Ld68
understands several options.
Except for
.BR \-l ,
they should appear before the file names.
.TP
.B \-D
Take the next argument as a decimal number and pad the data segment
with zero bytes to the indicated length.
.TP 
.B  \-d
Force definition of common storage
even if the
.B \-r
flag is present.
.TP
.B \-e
The following argument is taken to be the
name of the entry point of the loaded
program; location 0x1000 is the default.
.TP
.B \-f
Fold case on identifiers.
That is, upper and lower case letters are not distinguished.
Used to link with Pascal routines, for example.
.TP 
.BI \-l x
This
option is an abbreviation for the library name
.RI `/usr/sun/lib/lib x .a',
where
.I x
is a string.
A library is searched when its name is encountered,
so the placement of a
.B  \-l
is significant.
.TP
.BI  \-v x
This denotes board version
.I x
which may at present only be 'm' for Motorola Design Module.  The default board
version is the Sun1 prototype, v1.
.TP
.B  \-M
Create a human-readable list of symbols in ``sym.out''.
.TP
.B  \-n
Arrange (by giving the output file a 0410 "magic number") that
when the output file is executed,
the text portion will be read-only and shared
among all users executing the file.
This involves moving the data areas up to the first
possible 64K byte boundary following the
end of the text 
(not really useful yet).
.TP 
.B  \-o
The
.I name
argument after
.B \-o
is used as the name of the
.I ld68
output file, instead of
.BR b.out .
.TP 
.B \-q
Quicksort symbols in 
.BR b.out 
in ascending numerical order.
.TP
.B  \-r
Generate relocation bits in the output file
so that it can be the subject of another
.I ld68
run.
This flag also prevents final definitions from being
given to common symbols,
and suppresses the `undefined symbol' diagnostics.
.TP
.B \-S
`Strip' the output by removing all symbols except locals and globals.
.TP 
.B  \-s
`Strip' the output, that is, remove the symbol table
and relocation bits to save space (but impair the
usefulness of the debuggers).
This information can also be removed by
.IR  strip (1).
.TP
.B \-T
The next argument is a hexadecimal number which sets the text segment origin.
The default origin is 0x1000.
If you intend to use the output as input to another run of
ld68, you must specify -T 0.
.TP
.B \-B
The next argument is a hexadecimal number which sets the common/bss segment
origin.  The default origin is immediately after the data segment.
.TP 
.B  \-u
Take the following argument as a symbol and enter
it as undefined in the symbol table.  This is useful
for loading wholly from a library, since initially the symbol
table is empty and an unresolved reference is needed
to force the loading of the first routine.
.TP 
.B  \-X
Save local symbols
except for those whose names begin with `L'.
This option is used by
.IR cc (1)
to discard internally-generated labels while
retaining symbols local to routines.
.TP 
.B  \-x
Do not preserve local
(non-.globl) symbols in the output symbol table; only enter
external symbols.
This option saves some space in the output file.
.SH FILES
.ta \w'/usr/local/lib/lib*.a\ \ 'u
/usr/sun/lib/lib*.a	libraries
.br
b.out	output file
.SH "SEE ALSO"
ar(1), cc68(1), a68(1)
.SH BUGS
The b.out format header does not contain any indication of the
text segment origin, so if you specify something other than
the default origin -T 1000, you will have to remember this
value and specify it again to dl68 when you download. The
standard Sun monitor cannot netload files with origins other
than 1000, so you must either use dl68 or write a special
loader for such programs.

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